日治時期臺灣石雕龍柱風格之比較研究──以石匠蔣梢、辛阿救、張木成、蔣梅水為例

A Comparative Study on the Style of Taiwan’s Stone Carving Dragon Pillars During the Japanese Occupation - Case Studies of Masons Jiang Shao, Xin A-jiu, Zhang Mu-cheng and Jiang Mei-shui

臺灣在日治時期（1895－1945）許多祠廟重修，多位手藝高超的建築工匠渡海至此工作。筆者以研究當時來臺的一位惠安石匠辛阿救為起點，擴及另三位石匠蔣梢、張木成與蔣梅水的龍柱石雕作品。全文共分四部分（一）臺灣石雕龍柱風格之演變，以龍柱形成的文化背景與時期論述；（二）四位石匠的專業，以歷史文獻述其家族背景與在臺遷移工作史；將龍柱的材料、風格、形貌、特質等以中、外美術理論描述、彙總；四位匠師的龍柱風格特徵依技法、整體龍形、龍首、龍鬃、龍腳、前段龍身、後段龍身各部分分析條列；（三）對四位匠師的龍柱作各部分（後段龍身、龍腳、龍爪抓握方式、龍鬃、龍首、龍柱凸肚半徑及下方龍腳）的差異分析比對；（四）結論。本文希望建立此時期石雕龍柱之基礎樣本與品評標準，為今後的石匠研究和龍柱研究提供一套可行的模式。

Many temples in Taiwan were rebuilt during the Japanese occupation (1895-1945), and many skilled craftsmen crossed the sea to work in the island. The author began this research studying a Huian stonemason Xin A-jiu who came to Taiwan at that time. His research on the dragon pillar stone sculptures then expanded to encompass another three masons Jiang Shao, Zhang Mu-cheng and Jiang Mei-shui. This paper is divided into four parts (1) The evolution of Taiwan’s stone carving dragon pillars style, with their cultural background and period of formation; (2) The professions of the four masons, using historical documents to show their family background and the history of their work in Taiwan. A discussion of the material, style, appearance, and characteristics of the stone carving dragon pillars, described and summarized by Chinese and foreign art theories; (3) The different characteristics of the four craftsmen based on technique, overall shape and details of the stone carving dragon pillar's head, mane, foot and body section; (4) Conclusions, and proposed establishment of basic samples and evaluation standards for stone carving dragon pillars from this period, as well as to provide a set of feasible models for future stonemason and stone carving dragon pillar's research.