從考古學的角度論3D掃瞄與逆向輸出在出土人骨的應用：以亮島人為例

Applications of 3D Scanning and Reverse Engineering in Archaeology: A Case Study on The Reconstruction of“Liangdao Man”

3D掃瞄技術與逆向輸出工程的應用掀起了一波新的全球技術革命。今日，這項技術在考古學上的運用層面已從考古現場記錄、虛擬實境重建到文物複製等，幾乎肉眼視覺所及無所不包。考古學在這波潮流之中應該如何看待這項技術的發展？在不同的考古學研究中，又該如何善加利用這項技術藉以創造新的視野與知識。本文著重於探討考古遺址中出土墓葬與人骨時，如何以3D掃瞄與RP逆向輸出做為一個新媒介以取代傳統方法，並以馬祖出土亮島人1號的3D掃瞄與逆向輸出過程為例，從遺址的現場發掘、墓葬人骨的記錄方式、人骨修復、RP逆向輸出、仿真表現、博物館展示倫理等議題進行討論，並嘗試以考古學的角度出發，來省視這項新發展在技術應用上、知識生產上的優勢，與其尚待發展之處。

Application of 3D scanning and reverse engineering is stirring a wave of technological revolution. Today, the application of this technology has been used in the archaeological researches - from archaeological field works and virtual reality simulation to replica productions - for nearly all objects visible. In this wave of trend, how should archaeology look upon the development of this technology? How should archaeological studies in different aspects make proper uses of this technology in order to create a new vision and knowledge? This paper focuses on exploring the application of this technology as a new media to replace traditional methods on burials and human remains from archaeological sites, and taking the application of the technology on the research Liangdao Man no.1 unearthed in Matsu as an example, discusses the issues including site excavation, burial recording, reconstruction of human skeleton, performance of replica simulation, ethics of museum exhibition and etc. from archaeological point of view to look at the advantages of the technology of producing new knowledge and its yet to be developed on this new field.