古蹟及歷史建築於建管及消防因應計畫之審理方式探討

Exploring the Inspecting Process on Contingency Plan for Building Management and Fire Safety of Monuments and Historic Buildings

一般建築物於新建、增建、改建或修建時，必須依照建築法規取得建築執照及使用執照，但古蹟及歷史建築常因必須維持原貌等種種原因，無法按照現行建築及消防法規辦理。本論文將分章探討無法符合法規之一般原因；說明當前相關法令之處理程序；因應計畫之撰寫重點與審查原則等。關鍵的議題亦加以探討，例如，重新認識現行建築和消防法規於古蹟或歷史建築之意義；強調建立災害風險評估觀念之重要；因應措施取決於古蹟及歷史建築之再利用強度；文化主管機關與建築、消防主管機關之權責劃分建議；使用人或管理人於日常管理維護上對建管、消防之重點事項等。有鑑於目前古蹟或歷史建築之建管消防因應計畫沒有一定的撰寫規格及審議程序，本文提出二階段審議因應計畫之建議，具體研擬出二階段之審議項目檢核表，可供未來古蹟、歷史建築之因應計畫撰寫人及各級古蹟或歷史建築主管機關參考。

In general, in order to fulfill the stipulations of the Building Act, a building needs to obtain a building permit and a usage permit prior to any new construction, extension, reconstruction, or repairs. However, historical buildings and monuments are often required to keep their original style and features; it is therefore not possible to conform to all the current regulations regarding building and fire codes. This paper discusses the general conditions which do not comply with the rules, explains working procedures on current related laws, and proposes key points and principles for scrutiny of the contingency plan. Some crucial subjects are also discussed in this paper. For example, the meanings of re-recognition of the present building and fire codes on historical buildings and monuments, the importance of establishing a disaster risk assessment, contingency measures in accordance with the re-usage intensity, suggestions to the jurisdiction and responsibility amongst the relevant cultural, construction and fire safety authorities. Some key items that users or supervisors should pay more attention to in the maintenance and management phase are also proposed. Since the fire contingency plan for historical buildings and monuments does not have a common writing format, nor a definite inspection mechanism, this paper proposes a two-stage inspection process and its associated checklist. These might be able to provide the contributors of contingency plans and the authorities of historical buildings and monuments with a valuable reference.