於負面遺產中重構創傷記憶──從奧斯維辛博物館到景美人權文化園區

The Reconstruction of Traumatic Memories from a Negative Heritage: From Auschwitz to Jing-Mei Human Rights Memorial & Cultural Park

奧斯維辛對德國知識分子來說，是一個拒絕消失的過去，就近代文明的發展，則是一個失憶性的符號；面對記憶的失落，選擇讓負面遺產維持原樣或重新建構，皆意味著「改變」。為讓這些發生衝突、創傷或災難的遺址所隱含的負面記憶產生變化，歷史的講述與教育的推廣，是重要的工作。景美人權文化園區為戒嚴時期政治案件起訴、審判及代監執行的重要歷史場址，在人權發展相關議題上，有其特殊的意義，儘管白色恐怖時期發生的災難，無法與「納粹屠猶」的浩劫相提並論，但在面對「創傷」的層次上，不能否認兩者間有共通處。本文擬以奧斯維辛博物館藉「遺址重構」提供觸媒，讓「創傷記憶」獲得消弭為例，探討園區在歷史記憶的糾結中，如何重構創傷記憶。

For many Germans, Auschwitz is a reminder of a dark past. In terms of modern history, Auschwitz serves as an amnesic symbol that separates the past from modern times. In facing lost memories, choosing between reconstructing and keeping this negative heritage signifies“change”. To bring positivity to people, these implicitly dark memories can be changed or retold through stories and education. Taiwan’s Jing- Mei Human Rights Memorial & Cultural Park serves as a reminder of the political trials and persecution during the martial law era. For the development of human rights it holds special meaning, even though the“White Terror”atrocities that occurred there cannot be compared to the horrors of the Nazi’s Auschwitz. However, when addressing traumatic events in history, one cannot deny the similarities. For the park’s future development, the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum can be used as a model for the“restoration of a scene”, forming“cultural memories”in a public area to mend“traumatic memories”.