什麼是Epic I？：一個對《小說理論》，《現代戲劇理論》，《後戲劇劇場》研究架構的重新審視

What is Epic I ? - A Reexamination of Three Research Frameworks of The Theory of The Novel, Theory of the Modern Drama, and Postdramatic Theatre

"這篇論文是要追索一個沒有答案的問題：什麼是epic I？藉此追索，本文將回顧三本著作的研究架構：喬治．盧卡奇（Georg Lukacs）的《小說理論》（The Theory of The Novel, 1915），彼得．桑蒂（Peter Szondi）的《現代戲劇理論》（Theory of the Modern Drama, 1956）與漢斯．雷曼（Hans-Thies Lehmann）的《後戲劇劇場》（Postdramatic Theatre, 1999）。這三本著作在理論上都具有一種系譜關係：桑蒂的著作深受盧卡奇《小說理論》的影響，雷曼又宣稱自己回應與修正了桑蒂在研究現代戲劇中的架構；此外，三者都深受黑格爾（Georg Wilhelm Hegel）的影響，也在不同方式上挑戰了亞里斯多德（Aristotle）的《詩學》（Poetics, c. 335BC）。儘管三本書的重要性自不待言，他們研究架構上的特點與關聯，卻一直未被釐清過。這篇論文將以「什麼是epic I？」這個問題為起點，批判性地回顧它們各自的研究架構，並指出因為對epic I這個主體性議題的逐漸輕忽，這三本書在研究視野上反映出二十世紀以來知識演化的趨勢：逐漸專業，也逐漸狹隘。"

This paper aims to track a question without an answer: what is Epic I? By so doing, it will review three research frameworks: that of The Theory of The Novel (1915) by Georg Lukacs (1885-1971), of Theory of the Modern Drama (1956) by Peter Szondi (1929-71), and of Postdramatic Theatre (1999) by Hans-Thies Lehmann (1939- ). The three books have genealogical connections: Lukacs's The Theory of The Novel highly influences Szondi's methodological frame of reference, to which Lehmann claims by his argument to respond; in addition, Hegel holds sway in one way or another in the three books, which challenge or modify Aristotle's Poetics from different perspectives. Despite their well-known significance in academia, the interconnections of their frameworks and the respective theoretical potentials of each have not been clarified. Starting by the question ''What is Epic I?'', this paper will fulfill this task and point out that, following the gradual negligence of the issue of subjectivity, the scope of research of the three books also demonstrates a trajectory echoing the evolution of scholarship since the twentieth century, becoming more professional, and yet more narrow.