韓國治療監護制度之介紹

The South Korean Forensic Psychiatric System

因應火車殺警案第一審判決以來，精神障礙觸法者的監護處分引起許多的討論，韓國與我國同樣皆具備保安處分與刑罰兩軌體系，本文介紹韓國精神障礙觸法者的保安處分「治療監護」制度。首先，本文介紹韓國的保安處分制度概觀，進而深入討論治療監護制度的形成、程序與處遇方式，以及治療命令。並討論韓國治療監護的不足之處，最後嘗試與我國監護處分制度進行比較，提供可資借鏡的建議與注意事項。本文認為精神障礙觸法者的專門處遇設施固然有建置之必要，相關的人力與物力的投入也必須到位；亦必須重視精神障礙觸法者的分類處遇，相關的法律有進一步整備之必要；精神障礙觸法者的處遇，更是需要從刑事程序的前端即開始注意，提供相關的支援與治療，並且橫向聯繫有關的機關，提供完善的支援網絡。

Recently in Taiwan, a mentally ill individual killed a police officer on a train. The event has triggered a major discussion about whether or not the Taiwanese justice system should treat mentally ill offenders as criminals. Like Taiwan, South Korea has a two-track system consisting of rehabilitative measures and punishment. In this article, I introduce South Korea's forensic psychiatric system, which features prominent rehabilitative measures for mentally ill offenders. First, I present an overview of South Korea's rehabilitative measures, and then I discuss the formation, procedures, and treatment methods of the forensic psychiatric system. I also discuss its shortcomings. Finally, I compare it with Taiwan's custody system for mentally ill offenders. The findings of this article have several policy implications regarding (1) special treatment facilities for mentally ill offenders, (2) sufficient investment in human and material resources, (3) classification and treatment of people with mental illnesses or mental disorders, and (4) the passing and amending of relevant legislation. Taiwan can learn from the experiences of South Korea. For the treatment of mentally ill offenders, the Taiwanese government should pay attention to the entire spectrum of criminal procedures, should provide mentally ill offenders with proper support, and should connect them horizontally to comprehensively supportive and networked agencies.