競逐新文化──《新文化辭書》的編纂工程與思想圖景

Chasing ''New Culture'': The Compilation and Intellectual Landscape of An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge

本文討論一本應新文化運動之潮流而生的百科辭書：《新文化辭書》的出版史。作為第一部躋身「新文化」行伍的百科辭書，現有的研究集中於兩點：第一，這本辭書是新文化運動下的產物；第二，即便沒有任何資料證明，但可以推斷《新文化辭書》的資料是從既有的材料中蒐集得來的。這樣的結論仍有未竟之處，本文嘗試在既有的研究基礎上探究以下幾個面向：商務印書館內部的改革計畫與《新文化辭書》的面世、《新文化辭書》編輯團隊的背景為何？《新文化辭書》的編輯團隊是利用何種思想資源進行編纂工作的？與晚清同類型的著作比較，《新文化辭書》的特色何在？最後，《新文化辭書》內中收錄的詞條呈現出何種思想樣貌？本文提出《新文化辭書》誕生於商務印書館內部的編輯需求，以及誕生於商務印書館和中華書局雙方爭奪「新文化」的生意經這兩層面向。相較於晚清出版的《普通百科新大辭典》，《新文化辭書》按照字母次序編排的形式和詞條內容的詳盡，使其看起來更像一本「現代」的百科全書。《新文化辭書》大部分編纂者都具備留學日本的經驗，內容上吸納了日本百科辭書的成果，見證了日本百科辭書的影響力。關於《新文化辭書》詞條內容的選編，不能以「拿來主義」一筆抹煞商務印書館編輯團隊的用心，《新文化辭書》的編輯團隊傳遞了他們所認為代表「新文化」的各色詞條，這當中包括當時流行的「主義」思潮和「科學與人生觀」論戰的相關理念。

This article discusses the publishing history of an encyclopedic dictionary, the English title of which was An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge 《新文化辭書》. It was compiled in response to the New Culture Movement. This article extends previous research to examine five issues: 1) the internal reform of the Commercial Press and the launch of An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge; 2) the background of the encyclopedia's editorial team; 3) the intellectual resources used by the editorial team in its compilation; 4) how An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge compares to a similar work from the late Qing dynasty; 5) and the ideas presented in the entries of the encyclopedia. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge emerged out of the editorial needs of the Commercial Press and its competition with the Chung Hwa Book Company in relation to the business of ''new culture.'' When compared to the New General Encyclopedic Dictionary published in the late Qing dynasty, the alphabetic arrangement of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge and the detail it contained in its entries are characteristic of a ''modern'' encyclopedia. Most of the compilers of An Encyclopedic Dictionary of New Knowledge had studied in Japan, and the content of the dictionary incorporated the achievements of Japanese encyclopedic dictionaries, testifying to their influence. However, we cannot dismiss the efforts of the Commercial Press editorial team as mere ''grabbism.'' The editorial team conveyed various terms they considered to represent the ''new culture,'' including the popular ''-isms'' of the time as well as terms associated with the ''debate on science and the philosophy of life.''