從地方史到東亞史與世界史：巴代歷史小說的跨文化與跨種族視野

From Local History to East Asian History and World History:The Cross-Cultural and Cross-Racial Perspectives in Badai’s History Fiction

本論文擬以巴代三本歷史小說為研究對象，探討原住民觀點的台灣史如何與東亞史及世界史互相構成，並分析巴代小說中的跨文化與跨種族視野以及對「世界」的想像。這三本小說依出版順序為：《最後的女王》（2015）、《暗礁》（2015）、《浪濤》（2017）。原住民文學一直在台灣文學中被獨立視為各種分類中的一種，以作者之原住民身分來指涉不同主題與風格的作品。本論文將此三本小說視為「歷史小說」，指出巴代小說所呈現的史觀與漢人史觀的差異。筆者首先探討歷史小說在台灣文學中扮演的重要功能。其次，筆者分析巴代小說的敘事特色，特別是多重對話功能的創造，如何讓歷史小說達到真實史料與虛構想像的平衡？最後，本文探問巴代的小說如何連結地方史、東亞史與世界史？這三本小說涉及的時間才二十多年，但小說提到的國家、地方與種族卻十分遼闊多元，除了大家熟知的台灣、清朝、日本，還包括琉球宮古島、來自美國的日本政府顧問李仙得（Charles W. Le Gendre）、十七世紀荷蘭人。作者巴代善於使用不同族群或不同種族之視野的切換，有時使用原住民觀點，有時使用日本人觀點，更以琉球宮古島人的觀點將原住民視為觀看與鄙視的對象。這些跨文化與跨種族觀點的提出，讓原住民及其他底層人物得以發聲，促使我們重新看待歷史上的大事件，讓底層民眾與當事人成為主角，賦予其主體能動性，而非只是被動接受歷史的影響。

Badai is one of the most important indigenous writers in Taiwan. In recent years he has devoted himself to writing historical fiction from the perspective of Indigenous peoples in Taiwan. This paper takes three novels written by Badai as the objects of studies in order to explore how indigenous history in Taiwan can be related to East Asian history and world history. These three novels are: The Last Queen, Reef, and Waves. The author intends to point out the differences between Indigenous peoples and Han people in terms of historical memories and interpretations of events in 1895-1896. The author first studies the role of historical fiction in Taiwanese literature. Second, the author analyzes Badai’s narrative skills, with regard to his special ability to create multiple dialogues among people with different gender, ethnic and racial backgrounds. Finally, this paper explores the relationships among local history, East Asian history and world history. The time span in these three novels is roughly more than two decades, but the places and nations mentioned in the novels are diverse and cover a wide region. In addition to well-known Taiwan, Qing dynasty, and Japan, there are Ryukyu Islands, American diplomat Charles de Gendre who served as the advisor of Japanese government, and 17th century Dutch explorers as background. Badai uses different perspectives and switches these diverse perspectives in the unfolding of plots, and this kind of writing strategy enables different ethnic and racial groups to express themselves. Indigenous peoples and other subaltern groups who have been marginalized in mainstream history are empowered to speak for themselves. Hereby we can re-evaluate big historical events in terms of common people and their daily life instead of focusing on the nation as the main actor of history.