運動軌跡追蹤系統之發展與回顧

A review development of motion tracking system

科技進步下，許多監控運動員相關的儀器逐漸被開發，其中運動員追蹤系統可根據追蹤的型式分成，光學影像追蹤系統、全球衛星導航系統與局部定位系統三大類，主要目的都是針對運動員的活動量及運動軌跡進行監控，進而我們可以得知運動員在運動過程所受的負荷量大小、移動距離與速度，以及運動表現好壞。然而不同種類的運動員追蹤系統之特點均有所差異，也有使用上的限制，例如：光學影像追蹤系統最為準確，但需有良好的演算法支持，以及仰賴光源；衛星系統監控距離廣泛，卻無法在室內使用；局部定位系統則是近幾年被廣泛應用在運動上的儀器。因此本文整理了此三種運動員追蹤系統在發展、原理、優缺點與應用上的演變，提供給研究人員日後使用上之參考，將其功能發揮至最大，使運動員與大眾受益。

With new technological advances, many devices which related to monitoring athletes have gradually been developed. Among them, the athlete tracking system can be divided into three categories according to the type of tracking, optical based tracking system (OPTs), global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and local positioning system (LPS). The main purpose of the athlete tracking system is to monitor the training load and movement trajectory of the athletes, and then we can know the athletes total load, the cover distance and average speed in each game, and the performance of the competition. However, the characteristics of different types of athlete tracking systems are different, and there are also restrictions on use. For example: OPTS is the most accurate, but it needs good algorithm support and depends on the light source; GNSS has a wide monitoring distance and cannot be used indoors; LPS has been widely used in sports equipment, recently. Therefore, this article sorts out the development, principles, advantages and disadvantages, and application changes of these three athlete tracking systems, then provides researchers with reference for future use, and maximizes their functions to benefit athletes and the public.