大學生知覺父母職業期望、生涯自我效能與職業選擇關係之模式驗證研究

Analyzing the Structural Equation Model of Perceived the Occupational Expectation of Parent, Career Self-Efficacy and Career Choice among College Students

本研究旨在探討不同性別大學生知覺父母職業期望、生涯自我效能與職業選擇的差異情形，並進步探討其模式檢驗。本研究採問卷調查法，分別針對臺灣北部、中部、南部與東部地區，各抽取至1所不等之大學，共計585位大一至大四學生為研究對象。研究所使用的工具為「職業選擇量表、「知覺父母職業期望量表」與「生涯自我效能量表」。所得資料以單因子多變量變異數分析與構方程模式等統計方法進行分析處理。研究結果如下：（1）男大學生之知覺父母實用型職業期望得分高於女大學生；女大學生之知覺父母社會型職業期望的得分高於男大學生。（2）男大學生之用型及研究型生涯我自我效能的得分高於女大學生；女大學生之社會型生涯我自我效能的得分高男大學生。（3）男大學生實用型職業選擇的得分高於女大學生；女大學生社會型職業選擇的得分於男大學生。（4）修正後路徑模式，男大學生及整體大學生實用型向度知覺父母職業期望、生涯我效能與職業選擇之結構方程模式能夠獲得支持。男大學生知覺父母之實用型職業期望可直接影職業選擇（β=.52，p<.05），亦可透過生涯自我效能（β=.48，p<.05）間接影響職業選（β=.19，p<.05）；整體大學生知覺父母實用型向度之職業期望可直接影響職業選擇（β=.42p<.05），亦可透過生涯自我效能（β=.50，p<.05）間接影響職業選擇（β=.24，p<.05）。

The purpose of this study were to (a)explored the differences of perceived the occupational expectation of parent, career self-efficacy and career choice between college students of different gender, and (b) analyzing the structural equation model of perceived the occupational expectation of parent, career self-efficacy and career choice. The sample consisted of 585 college students from the first-grade to fourth-grade in Taiwan. Instruments used in this study included Perceived the Occupational Expectation of Parent Scale, the Career Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Career Choice Scale. The data were analyzed by one-way MANOVA and structural equation modeling. The results of the study were as follows: (1)Male college students' scores on perceived the occupational expectation of parent were significantly than that of female college students in the Realistic dimensions; Female college students' scores on perceived the occupational expectation of parent were significantly than that of male college students in the Social dimensions; (2) Male college students' scores on career self-efficacy were significantly than that of female college students in the Realistic and Investigative dimensions; Female college students' scores on career self-efficacy were significantly than that of male college students in the Social dimensions; (3) Male college students' scores on career choice were significantly than that of female college students in the Realistic dimensions; Female college students' scores on career choice were significantly than that of male college students in the Social dimensions; (4) As to males, perceived the occupational expectation of parent had not only direct effects on career choice (β= .52 , p< .05)but also indirect effects on career choice (β= .19 , p< .05)through career self-efficacy (β= .48 , p< .05)in the Realistic dimensions. As to college students, perceived the occupational expectation of parent had not only direct effects on career choice (β= .42 , p< .05)but also indirect effects on career choice (β= .24 , p< .05)through career self-efficacy (β= .50 , p< .05) in the Realistic dimensions.