文物暫行分級的挑戰與困境──以國立臺灣歷史博物館為例

Challenges Associated With the Ranking and Classification of Objects Within the National Museum of Taiwan History

國立臺灣歷史博物館（以下簡稱臺史博）的〈國立臺灣歷史博物館蒐藏政策〉是以蒐藏呈現臺灣人民與歷史軌跡之史料與資料為主，囿於臺灣歷史發展的特性，臺史博藏品多屬於常民生活文物，而且多為近代的物件。近年來，博物館為回應社會發展，除了發揮原有的典藏功能外，面對當代社會議題，發展出「當代蒐藏」，積極蒐藏當代社會議題之相關物件與資料，以回應當代社會需求，創造博物館多元面向的發展。博物館執行文化資產保存法之古物暫行分級的政策，首要工作即是鑑定與判別文物的價值，再依據〈國立臺灣歷史博物館蒐藏品分級作業要點〉進行分級，作為後續管理維護之參考依據。本文試圖從實務操作的案例探討臺史博的〈蒐藏品分級作業要點〉的擬訂、執行方式、遭遇的問題等，以及臺史博如何面對當代蒐藏的挑戰，並且藉由分級制度的修正，研究人員如何判別分級等模式的建立，來適當的回應挑戰。也期盼透過本文提供給各博物館作為參考，並創造博物館藏品分級新範例。

The collection policy of the National Museum of Taiwan History (NMTH) is primarily based on the collection and presentation of historical materials and information on the people of Taiwan. Regarding the characteristics of the historical development within NMTH, most of its collections are considered the everyday objects relating to ordinary people in modern times. In recent years the museum has, in response to changes in Taiwanese society, developed the so-called“Contemporary Collections”in response to contemporary social issues in addition to their original collection functions. NMTW has therefore actively collected relevant objects and materials concerning contemporary social issues as a response to contemporary social needs. This creates a multi-aspect development of the museum. NMTH has implemented the policy of temporary classification of antiquities under the Cultural Assets Preservation Law. The first task is to appraise and judge the value of cultural relics, and then classify them according to NMTH’s Key Points for Classification of Collections as a reference for subsequent management and maintenance. This article discusses the formulation, implementation, and difficulties encountered by NMTH when implementing the Key Points for Classification of Collections with reference to case studies, as well as how NMTH confronts the challenges of contemporary collection. It also discusses how NMTH has revised its classification system to more effectively respond to these challenges as they arise. It is hoped that this article will be a useful reference for other museums and create a brand-new example of the classification of museum collections.