中央機關代行處理文化資產保存初探──以古蹟、歷史建築為例

A Preliminary Study on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage by the Central Government’s Agent—Take the Historical Site, the Historical Construction as An Example

隨著國內文化資產保存意識的高漲，公民團體對文化資產保存的關注也越加密集，並對於許多地方主管機關所作成之不保存或不具價值之行政處分，認為地方主管機關有不作為或違法作為而要求中央主管機關代行處理之訴求；惟中央政府代行處理涉及對地方政府執行權責之干預，雖在行政處理程序上有保障地方政府陳述或申辯之權利，然以地方政府立場而言，中央政府代行處理是一種宣告地方政府失能而為之強烈侵犯地方執行權的手段，容易因見解歧異而造成中央與地方之間的衝突與對立；本文嘗試探討我國有關文資保存爭議案件中，涉及訴求中央代行處理古蹟、歷史建築類別保存之案例，探討中央機關以監督立場代行處理之要件，並提出可能的建議。

With rising domestic awareness of the importance of preserving cultural assets, civic groups in Taiwan have become more concerned about the administrative decisions made by many local authorities. They fear that important cultural assets are not preserved or that structures of no value are unnecessarily preserved. They think that the local authorities have done something wrong or illegal. The central competent authority is required to act on behalf of these claims. However, action on behalf of the government involves the intervention of the local government's executive powers and responsibilities. Although the administrative process guarantees the local government certain autonomy, from the standpoint of the local government, the central government can potentially violate local executive rights. This situation can easily cause confrontation between the central and local governments due to differences in opinions. This study involves cases of appeals to the central government to deal with the preservation of historical monuments and historical buildings, discussing the requirements for central government agencies to act on behalf of the supervisory position, and proposes possible ways forward.