幕後──文物展覽的保存環境實務

Behind the Screen: Conservation Practices Before and During the Exhibition

理想的保存環境應盡可能避免任何會造成或加速文物老化和劣化的風險因子，因此在開放文物展陳與保存維護之間始終是個兩難的課題。博物館為善盡典藏與社會教育的責任，必須盡可能取得這中間的平衡，而如何有效降低文物在展示過程中潛在的風險即為保存人員的責任。世界各國為守護其珍貴文化資產多訂有保存維護作業方針，國立故宮博物院在參考歷來辦理國際借展的環境保存條件，國內外保存維護相關文獻及多年實務工作經驗後，決議制定「國立故宮博物院文物展覽保存維護要點」作為辦理文物展覽相關作業的依據，以確保文物安全。本文主要闡述如何從預防性保存的觀點考量文物展陳時需注意的環境因子，進而制定要點的規範內容。期待透過此經驗分享，能促使國內相關機構審視及規劃切合個別收藏需求的保存維護規範，使珍貴文化資產得以永世共享，並累積更多本土保存實務案例的研究。

Collection care practice should exclude all possible environmental factors which might accelerate aging or deterioration of collections. However, making people realized and able to access these cultural properties through exhibitions is also an important goal of museums. Setting up a practical conservation policy to minimize the risk of damage when mounting an exhibition is therefore one of the major challenges for conservators. Many countries have their own conservation policies for protecting their cultural properties. The National Palace Museum has also planned the ''General Conservation Guidelines for the Display of National Palace Museum Collections'' to ensure environmental stability and safety for effective conservation of its collections whilst on display. This article describes which environmental factors were of most concern during the exhibition and the way we formulated the guidelines for minimizing the risk of deterioration. This study can be a reference for other local museums in Taiwan to set up practical conservation guidelines and conduct research in protecting respective cultural relics.