臺灣早期日式木質機械掛鐘之研究與修復

Investigation and Restoration of Traditional Japanese Wooden Mechanical Pendulum Clocks in Taiwan

日治時期，總督府為了培養民眾守時觀念，從日本進口之木質機械掛鐘開始成為臺灣體面人家必備的裝飾之一，後來逐漸普及至一般家庭，然因電鐘上市，木質掛鐘逐漸被取代。早期木質掛鐘之種類依外型約分成九大類，而一般家庭最為流行的仍是標準型（スリゲル型或スリゲ-ル型），本文乃針對此型掛鐘進行資料收集、實物蒐集之調查研究及進行修復，因為這件文物沒有文資身份，因此修復過程當中，沒有依照原材料、原工法、原型貌之基本原則。研究得知木質掛鐘最常見之損壞為盒體木材遭受蟲蛀，或合板夾層剝落，致使盒體或門框破損或分解。由於此因，灰塵、髒物或蜘蛛等進入機芯，導致機芯生鏽，而機芯最常見之損壞為發條斷裂。修復過程中發現，只要機芯構件完好，經除鏽上油後，皆能恢復運作功能，而敲點不準或整點不敲之問題，可透過調整敲輪裝置修正之。有關文字板底層油漆及門框玻璃裝飾圖案，可噴上一層清漆保護之。此外，對於盒體損壞嚴重及機芯構件損壞者，可透過盒體外觀造型之再設計及機芯構件重組，賦予掛鐘另一種風貌。

In order to further a habit of punctuality, wooden pendulum clocks imported from the Japan became honorable prestigeous decoration during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. However, Japanese pendulum clocks were gradually replaced by electric quartz clocks. Wooden pendulum clocks can be sorted into eight categories. A very popular type in the average family was the regulator. The objective of this research was to investigate the historical background of, and collect, original of pendulum clocks, and then to restore the damaged clocks. The results of the study show that wooden box of pendulum clocks were degraded by insects and suffered delamination of plywood which caused the case or door frame to break or deform, resulting in rusting of the mechanism. Frequent damage to the mechanism was the breaking of mainspring. It must be noted that if the mechanism is good, it is possible to recover its function by cleaning off the rust. The chiming time could be adjusted by calibrating the count wheel or rack striking mechanisms. It is recommended that the surface of dials and the pattern on the glass mounted on the door frame be sprayed with a thin layer of varnish to protect the original coatings. In addition, we could rebuild a new style of pendulum clock by redesigning box and combining this with an original mechanism.