由行為不法角度建構跟蹤騷擾罪之刑罰正當性

Constructing the Justification Basis of Stalking and Harassment Prevention Law from the Viewpoint of Wrongful Act

本文旨在由行為非價及義務違反的角度，為跟蹤騷擾罪提供理論上的正當性基礎。首先針對新通過的跟蹤騷擾防制法作一概覽，除介紹立法模式與構成要件，也透過比較法上的觀察，提出若干解釋論上可能遇到的問題，並指出對本罪保護法益的探問，無法真正為釋義學提供解釋方向。本文嘗試以另一角度理解刑事不法概念：將犯罪理解為具備社會倫理秩序違反性的義務不履行。行為結果在不法認定上的意義，乃是與行為本身作為一個整體，以綜合判斷其倫理違反性。據此，跟蹤騷擾行為的不法性，在於行為人透過反覆實施定式行為，對被害人形成一壓迫性溝通環境，造成雙方在人際互動關係上的失衡。至於「防止未來重大人身侵害」，無法作為跟蹤騷擾行為入罪化的理由。

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical justification for the crime of stalking and harassment from the perspective of“valuelessness of conduct”and violation of duty. First, I will give an overview of the newly passed stalking and harassment prevention law. In addition to introducing the legislative model and constituent elements, it also puts forward some possible problems in interpretation theory through observation of comparative law, and points out that the inquiry on the legal interests of this crime cannot really provide an explanatory direction for hermeneutics. This article attempts to understand the concept of criminal Illegality from another viewpoint: to understand crime as the violation of duties with the nature of violating the social ethical order. The significance of the result of an act in illegal identification is to be integrated with the act itself to comprehensively judge its ethical violation. Accordingly, the illegality of stalking and harassment lies in the fact that the perpetrator repeatedly implements the constituent elements to form an oppressive communication environment for the victim, resulting in an imbalance in the interpersonal interaction between the two parties. As for“preventing future major physical assault”, it cannot be used as a reason to criminalize stalking and harassment.