大專學生運動員接觸同志運動參與者的經驗探究──以臺灣、香港及中國為例

Collegiate student athletes’ experiences of encountering gays and lesbians participants: using Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China as examples

本研究聚焦於臺灣、香港及中國大專運動員對於同志從事運動訓練的接觸經驗及態度，並透過個別訪談進行資料蒐集。研究參與者為24位臺灣、香港及中國大專學生運動員，其中包含10位男性及14位女性，年齡介於19-24歲之間。研究結果顯示臺灣及香港大專學生運動員的教育經驗中已有對於同志議題的基礎理解，而社會氛圍及國家律法對於同志族群的友善程度，亦使其對於同志從事運動展現較為正向的態度。相較之下，中國大專學生運動員因較少於教育及社會文化氛圍差異，而有接觸經驗及態度上的不同。1990年以後，臺灣同志運動推展逐漸成形並於2019年通過同性婚姻法，香港亦早在1970年開始同志權益倡議活動，而中國則是相對較為保守。各個國家的同志友善環境營造，明確的展現於大專學生運動員接觸同志的經驗與態度，且參與團隊運動項目的大專學生運動員常會因為團隊中有同志運動員，而在接觸經驗較多的情境下顯現更高的接受度及包容性。整體而言，臺港中大專學生運動員的經驗及態度皆顯示過去運動恐同及陽剛霸權已逐漸消退，並轉而以不同形式展現運動場域所期待的陽剛特質。

This study aims to investigate collegiate student athletes’ experiences and attitudes toward gays and lesbians’ participation in athletic training in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China, and to illustrate the differences shown between them due to social and cultural background through individual interview. The participants included 24 collegiate student athletes, 10 male and 14 female, aged between 19-24 from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. The study found that owing to educational experiences, collegiate student athletes from Taiwan and Hong Kong showed fundamental understanding toward LGBT issues, and the gender friendly environment and legislation had also made both societies hold positive attitude toward gays and lesbians’ participation in sports. In comparison, collegiate student athletes from China received less education regarding the subject and had been influenced by conservative social and cultural value, which contributed to their different experiences and attitudes toward gays and lesbians’ involvement in sport. Taiwan launched gay social movements in the 1990s and legalized same sex marriage in 2019, and Hong Kong also started supporting gay rights in the 1970s; meanwhile, China had remained rather conservative when dealing with LGBT issues. The friendly societal attitude toward the LGBT community in different countries were significantly displayed when collegiate student athletes interacted with gays and lesbians. In addition, team-sport athletes having gay or lesbian teammates also showed higher acceptance and more inclusive attitude. In general, collegiate student athletes’ experiences and attitudes toward gays and lesbians in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China suggested that the homophobia and hegemonic masculinity in sports has gradually been eliminated, and the masculinity expected to be seen in the field of sports has also started to be demonstrated in a different form.