烽火交織下的體育節日──九九體育節（1942─1945）

Double Nine Sports Day Under the War of Resistance Against Japan. (1942-1945)

抗戰時期，國民政府為強健國民體質及對抗汪精衛政權之威脅，1941年9月9日，教育部頒布「國民體育法」，並結合傳統九九登高習俗，以提倡國民運動風氣且連結紀念國父廣州首義的事蹟，特選定9月9日為「體育節」，並在當日擴大舉辦體育相關活動。本研究主要針對國民政府於1942年至1945年舉辦之體育節活動進行追溯，進行意涵與目的初探。經爬梳相關史料，所得研究結果如下：（一）體育節的施行，是在1942年教育部發佈公報明令舉辦首屆體育節活動，並訂定舉行辦法要點，內容提及應有之體育活動辦理、宣傳時機、體育節刊物的發行……等，使活動辦理具法源依循。（二）礙於戰爭因素影響，體育節並非全國徹底實行，其中以四川重慶市最為盛大，舉辦如：越野賽跑、爬山、游泳、跳水、公務人員運動會……等活動，亦舉行演講、體育展示、身體檢查等相關活動供人民參與，愈趨多元化的活動形式呈現出活動在針對不同議題所呈現的彈性空間。（三）抗戰時期，舉辦體育節之目的多來自「強國強種」之體育思想及「團結、紀律、合作」之戰時精神需求，某種程度而言也可視為國民政府強大的動員力，在體育節的宣傳下更具官方意識。

In order to fortify the quality of the human body for the Nationalist Government and also to fight with the threat coming from the regime of Wang, JING-WEI during the war of resistance against Japan, in September 9^(th) 1941, the Department of - Education issued the''National Sports Act''and specifically choose September 9^(th) as the「Sports Day」. At the time it enlarge the scale of holding many sports-related activities, also goes with the combination of the traditional habit - to climbing the''height''(climbing to the mountain for instance) on Double-Nine Day for the promotion of taking exercise as a routine or a habit together with the a memorial service to the achievement of Nation Founder - Dr Sun Yat-Sen's very first battle launched in Guan Zhou against the governance of Ching Dynasty. The study mainly proceeds the preliminary exploration to the meaning and purpose for the trace of related activities of Sport Festival taken placed by the Nationalist Government during 1942 to 1945. 1. The execution of the Sports Day begins after the issue and the announcement made by the Department of Education in 1942 to begin with the first Sports Day and decided the key points of practicing the activities. The content mentioning the types of sports activities should be taken placed, the timing for proceeding the propaganda, the pamphlet prepared for a promotion, ...etc. The arrangement creates the source of law and everything people do for the Day will have a legal base to obey. 2. due to the effect of having a war, the Sport Day cannot be populating all over the nation, but the scale of activities was the largest in CHONG QING city in SI CHUAN including cross-country race, mountain climbing, swimming, water diving and athletic game for the government servers. Also, the speech the sports presentation, physical examination related activities for the general people to participate in. The more multiple types of activities can present the more flexible space for various subjects display. 3. during war against the Japanese, the purpose of having the Sports Day activities primary for the sport believe of''strong breed, strong nation''and the spiritual requirement during the war of''to be unified, disciplined, corporate.''It can also be regarded as the Nationalist Government's mighty strength of mobilization and the more official conscious through the Sport Day propaganda.