「正港的造假」：〈尤邁俄斯〉裡語言與政治的解密

Genuine Forgeries: Linguistic and Political De-Mystification in ''Eumaeus''

〈尤邁俄斯〉充斥制式的陳腔濫調的說法及拉丁文片語，為文本製造一種莊嚴的氛圍，再搭配極盡限定的修辭法，使文本製造出文學、政治、及國族三面向的神秘感。〈尤邁俄斯〉在《尤利西斯》屬「返鄉」的首章，自然也被賦予「返抵」意義及真理的重要任務，然而蘊藏在語言之下的虛構性直接挑戰愛爾蘭政治及民族主義的神秘感及終極意義。本章凸顯兩個狀似英雄人物的真偽，此與充斥於文本裡有關命名及認同的不確定性與真假之間的辯論若合符節。〈尤邁俄斯〉裡政治的作勢與假冒的主題極為凸出，文本聚焦於語言及政治皆有偽裝、詐騙、及模糊真相的本事。文學與政治互為幫櫬又互為齟齬，在〈尤邁俄斯〉裡辯證不已，因而構成本章一向被人所忽視的文本政治。

THE time-worn clichés and classicism in ”Eumaeus” aim to add to the text a flavor of self-importance or even elegance on the strength of their pre-formularized shape. Together with a distinctly circumspect style, they are part and parcel of the linguistic postures which the text adopts in order to generate an importance and even mystique not only of the literary-linguistic kind, but ultimately simulating the national-political kind. Heading the home-returning section in Ulysses, ”Eumaeus” is expected and obliged to be concerned with the home-arrival of meaning and truth. However, the fictionality which is embedded in language itself brings down the mystifying aura surrounding Irish politics and the absolutist significance which Irish Nationalism attaches to the former. Volatility or uncertainty in the correspondence between naming and identity and the concern with the dialectic between truth and falsehood culminate in the parallel debunking of the supposed heroism of the two pseudo-heroes. In ”Eumaeus” political posturing and imposture stand out prominently. The ability on the part of languageand politics to disguise and imposture and the dubiousness in both linguistic andpolitical facts and truth(s) are therefore the two most challenging aspects which”Eumaeus” proposes to its readers. The textual and the political reinforce and rebuttal each other in ”Eumaeus,” the dialectic of which constitutes the most challenging textual politics as well as produces for itself a political text in its own right so far in Ulysses.