比事屬辭與章學誠之《春秋》教：史學、敘事、古文辭與《春秋》書法

Arrangement of Events, Rhetorical Elaboration and Chunqiu's Ideology of Zhang Xuecheng: Historiography, Narratology, the Rhetoric of Classical Prose and Shufa in Chunqiu

章學誠〈上朱大司馬論文〉稱：「古文必推敘事，敘事實出史學，其源本於《春秋》比事屬辭。」有鑑於此，於是從《春秋》書法切入，探討清代章學誠之敘事理論，著眼於史學、敘事、古文辭，聚焦在比事屬辭之《春秋》教，終則推求近似歷史哲學之史義。章學誠歷史思想之大凡，敘事方法之提示，史傳文學之正變，古文義法之源流，乃至於《文史通義》中「《春秋》教」之空白，文中多有闡發與補闕。

ZHANG Xuecheng, the notable historiographer in Qing dynasty, indicates that the narrative achievement of classical prose originates from historiography, especially from the ”arrangement of events and rhetorical elaboration” in ”Chunqiu” (The Chronicles). From the viewpoint of the Shufa in ”Chunqiu”, I will discuss Zhang Xuecheng's narratology, particularly the part of historiography, narration and the rhetoric of classical prose, focusing on Chunqiu's ”arrangement of events and rhetorical elaboration” as well as the meaning of historical philosophy. Furthermore, this paper provides explanation for the absence of discourse on Chunqiu's ideology in Zhang's Wenshi Tongyi (Principles of Literature and History).