隨機排程燈光設備應用於防治雁鴨為害水稻秧苗之效果

The effect of a lighting device with random schedule on preventing ducks from damaging rice seedlings

在墾丁國家公園龍鑾潭周邊的水稻田中，農民與雁鴨間的衝突時有所聞，雁鴨會在剛插秧的水稻田中覓食，造成秧苗損害。而部分農民則會使用農藥當忌避劑，結果卻造成雁鴨的死亡。本研究測試隨機排程燈光防治設備之驅鳥效果，以期減緩人鴨衝突。我們在恆春鎮龍水里的稻作區（有機與慣行兩區）各選取兩塊水稻田設置燈光防治設備，並針對試驗組及對照組（鄰近）水稻田進行雁鴨為害調查。本研究共調查89塊水稻田（有機區：40塊、慣行區：49塊），調查時間集中在2019年1月份，每3天記錄一次各水田內的雁鴨腳印及秧苗危害量。最後再檢測有機與慣行稻作區間以及試驗組與對照組水田間是否有顯著差異。結果顯示有機區水田受到雁鴨為害的程度顯著高於慣行區水田，而試驗組水田秧苗危害程度則顯著低於對照組水田，但僅出現在有機區。此外，我們也發現有機區水田的雁鴨腳印量與該水田離最近馬路的直線距離呈顯著正相關，顯示距離馬路越遠的水田，越容易遭雁鴨侵入，可見路燈或是夜間行進中的車輛（燈光、聲音）也可能具有驅趕雁鴨的效果。本研究所使用之燈光防治設備能有效降低一半以上的秧苗損害，值得進一步改良及開發，對於改善龍鑾潭周邊及花東地區人鴨衝突的現象應會有莫大的助益。

Wild ducks often intrude paddy fields near Lung-Luan Lake of Kenting National Park and cause damages to rice seedlings. Some farmers apply pesticides as a repellent to keep ducks away but consequently poison the ducks. We tested the effect of a lighting device with random schedule on preventing ducks from entering the paddy fields. We chose two paddy fields from both conventional (n=49) and organic plots (n=40) in Long Shui Village and set up the lighting devices. We surveyed the experimental paddy fields and their surrounding (control) fields every three days periodically in January, 2019. We recorded coverage of duck footprints and the extent of damage on rice seedlings in all paddy fields. Chi-squared tests showed that significantly more duck footprints and rice seedling damage were found in the organic plot than in the conventional plot. Split-plot ANOVA revealed that experimental fields had significantly less rice seedling damage than controlled ones, but this only occurred in the organic plot. In addition, the extent of duck footprints in paddy fields in the organic plot significantly correlated with the distance from the nearest road. This indicated that street lights or passing traffics at night had strong impact on the activity of wild ducks. In conclusion, the lighting device could reduce more than half of the damage on rice seedlings caused by wild ducks, and thus it was proved to be promising to alleviate the conflict between farmers and wild ducks, especially in paddy fields surrounding Lung-Luan Lake and in Hualien and Taitung counties.