龍鑾潭周邊雁鴨為害水田秧苗情形

Duck damage on rice seedlings in paddy fields nearby Lung-Luan Lake

本研究針對墾丁國家公園龍鑾潭附近水田秧苗遭雁鴨為害情形進行調查，並比較龍水里有機稻作區與非有機（慣行農法）稻作區雁鴨為害情形是否具有顯著差異。另外，我們也特別在非有機區契作了一處試驗樣區，請農民改採有機米耕作方式全程操作，作為比對之用。我們在2013年1－2月間每週一次共進行7次雁鴨為害調查。除記錄每塊水田內雁鴨腳印量及秧苗危害程度外，也在夜間分三個時段到各樣區調查雁鴨種類及數量。從水田中大小不同的兩種鴨腳印痕跡，以及夜間調查資料可以判定為害秧苗的雁鴨主要是花嘴鴨（Anas zonorhyncha）和小水鴨（Anas crecca）兩種。夜間調查也發現清晨時段雁鴨出現的數量顯著多於剛入夜時段。不管是從水田內的鴨腳印量或秧苗危害程度來看，有機區及契作區水田受雁鴨侵入和為害的程度都顯著高於非有機區水田。此外，非有機區受危害水田僅約1／4需補植一次，契作區有1／2需補植，有機區則全部都得補植，由此亦可看出有機區秧苗危害程度更甚於契作區水田。為解決此人鴨衝突，建議農委會應認定鴨害為天然災害之一，比照水災、風災同樣給予農民應得的補償，如此農民才有可能改變以農藥防治雁鴨的習慣，減少雁鴨折損，並慢慢朝自然農法或有機農業的方向邁進，共創人鴨和諧的新景象。

Lung-Luan Lake National Important Wetland, located in Kenting National Park, is an excellent wintering ground for duck species. However, ducks cause damages on rice seedlings in nearby areas. We surveyed paddy fields in the northwestern region of the Lung-Luan Lake every week starting from January 7, 2013, for 7 weeks. We recorded rice plant growth stage, coverage of duck footprints, and extent of damage on rice seedlings at three plot types (non-organic, organic, and contract farming). We also counted the number of ducks in paddy fields at three different nighttime periods (evening, mid-night, and before daybreak). Two duck species, the eastern spot-billed duck (Anas zonorhyncha) and green-winged teal (Anas crecca), were commonly found during night surveys and their footprints could be easily distinguished by size. Night surveys revealed that the number of ducks appeared in paddy fields before daybreak was significantly higher than that in the evening. Chi-squared tests showed that significantly more footprint coverage and rice seedling damage were found in organic and contract plots than in non-organic plots. Replanting of rice seedlings were carried out in all the damaged fields in organic plots, but reduced to 1/2 in contract plots, and even less (1/4) in non-organic plots. Agricultural policy should be made by the government to solve the conflict between the economic interests of farmers and the conservation of ducks. One possible solution is to provide adequate compensation to farmers who suffer from duck damages in their paddy fields. This way, ''duck-friendly'' areas with organic rice farming could be promoted in paddy fields surrounding Lung-Luan Lake in Kenting National Park.