先天之道心與後天之覺心－論慈湖與蕺山的易理詮釋舉隅

Innate daoxin and acquired juexin-Study of Cihu and Jishan's interpretation of Yijing

儒家心學派詮釋易理皆視「心」為造化之源，以心攝易，《周易》六十四卦、三百八十四爻全數納入「心」之變化，而稱整部《易》書為心之變化之闡述。然而縱使同持「以心攝易」之理念，如何將此理念落實在六十四卦之中，各個心學家卻有不盡相同的詮釋方法，有人全數從「心即天」之角度論述全部卦爻皆為心之變化；亦有人注意在現實上，心多受制於天賦之氣稟，必須經過後天覺照之功，方能回復本心之清明虛靈，因之釋《易》之卦爻時，多從人心之由偏導正的歷程解繹之。最能展現這兩種風格的心學家，筆者以為可舉楊慈湖（1141－1226）與劉蕺山（1578－1645）為代表。
The Confucian mind-heart schools regard Xin (Mind) as the source of universal creation in the philosophy of Yijing.Yijing's all diagrams and yaos are regarded as the variation of the mind, and the whole book of Yijing as changes of the mind. Even though these Confucians have the same idea of Yijing, each has different way in the interpretation of the 64 diagrams. Some base on the principle that mind is Heaven.Some notices that mind is limited by the natural endowment of chi in concrete reality, and need to go through the certain self-reflection skills in order to be able to return to the state of clear and bright mind, hence make their interpretation of Yijing's diagrams and yaos from the point of spiritual correction. The mind-heart schools of Confucianism who best shows both styles is Yang Cihu and Liu Jishan,and in this paper they are listed as representatives of these two kind of interpretations.

The Confucian mind-heart schools regard Xin (Mind) as the source of universal creation in the philosophy of Yijing.Yijing's all diagrams and yaos are regarded as the variation of the mind, and the whole book of Yijing as changes of the mind. Even though these Confucians have the same idea of Yijing, each has different way in the interpretation of the 64 diagrams. Some base on the principle that mind is Heaven.Some notices that mind is limited by the natural endowment of chi in concrete reality, and need to go through the certain self-reflection skills in order to be able to return to the state of clear and bright mind, hence make their interpretation of Yijing's diagrams and yaos from the point of spiritual correction. The mind-heart schools of Confucianism who best shows both styles is Yang Cihu and Liu Jishan,and in this paper they are listed as representatives of these two kind of interpretations.