肝臟移植前後之重症護理

Critical Care ofLiver Transplantation

自西元1983年美國國家衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health Consensus,NIH)指出肝臟移植手術為治療末期肝病的有效方法之後，肝移植病人逐年增加，護理人員照護肝移植病人的機會也大增。由於捐贈肝臟來源稀少珍貴，而需要接受肝臟移植的病人越來越多，故如何協助穩定肝移植病人之生理狀態至接受肝臟移植手術，並且提供生理、心理及家屬支持之加護護理措施亦日漸重要。本文介紹肝臟移植適應症、免疫抑制劑之使用注意事項，以及肝移植病人手術前後重症護理之重點，以提供專業人員照護此類病人之參考。

Liver transplantation increases year by year, and the chance of nursing these patients has beenimproved since the liver transplant procedure was referred to as the most effective way to treatend-stage liver disease by the National Institutes of Health Consensus, U.S.A. in 1983. Due toinsufficient liver donations and increasing demands, intensive care is required that to stabilize thephysiological status of the receiver until the operation day. The importance of offering physical,psychological, and family support has also been raised.This essay introduces liver transplant indication,instructions of immunosuppression agents, critical nursing points of recipients, and provides experienceto those caring for liver transplant patients.