集體記憶之保存與創新──以新加坡國家檔案館為例

The Preservation and Innovation of Collective Memory: A Case Study of National Archives of Singapore

檔案館是一個集體記憶保存的機構，透過檔案館對於文化遺產的蒐集、保存、選擇與展示再現，有意識地建構整體社會之集體記憶，進而書寫國家歷史，並藉以凝聚國民對於國家的向心力量，以建構理想的國家共同體。千禧年後資訊科技發達，各國檔案館致力運用資訊科技以增加其組織的功能與影響力，尤其是運用網路新媒體之傳播優勢以擴大檔案館之社會教育功能，已使檔案館成為一個創新建構與詮釋集體記憶之新空間。本文是以新加坡國家檔案館（National Archives of Singapore，以下簡稱NAS）為研究個案，運用文獻分析法進行相關文獻資料之蒐集與分析。研究目的有3項：一、探討集體記憶之特點；二、研究資訊時代檔案館之功能；三、探索NAS對於集體記憶建構之保存與創新相關的計畫與活動。研究結果有3項：一、集體記憶具有6項特點與檔案館相關；二、資訊時代的檔案館注重基本功能與延伸功能；三、NAS具有11項計畫與活動與集體記憶建構之保存與創新相關。本文希望能透過研究集體記憶的功能，與NAS對於集體記憶建構之保存與創新，可作為我國檔案單位參考，以便更強化我國檔案館的功能與擴大其集體記憶之影響力。

Archives as institutions serve the function of collecting and preserving collective memories, where memories are built consciously by the selection, preservation and display of archival materials. On behalf of archival activities, the national history can be documented, which can contribute the foster of national identities and the pursuit of ideal national community. Now archives worldwide take the advantages of Internet technologies to extend their functions in social education, which also transform themselves into new spaces of collective memories. Using literature review as a research method, the article aims to identify the characteristic of collective memory, the functions of the archives in the information age, and explore the experience of National Archive of Singapore (NAS) on the preservation and innovation of collective memory. The case study recognizes that six main elements of collective memory are related to the functions of archives, basic and extended functions of archives have been emphasized equally in the digital era and 11 main projects conducted by NAS are related to the preservation and innovation of collective memory. Hereby the study can give directions for archives to enhance their functions and increase the influence of collective memories.