農會的檔案與歷史──以戰後農會與合作社分合的派系紛爭為例

The Documents and History of Farmers' Association: Focus on the Conflicts between the Political Cliques over the Integration and Separation of Farmers' Association and Cooperatives in Taiwan

戰後農會與合作社的分合案，本來是歷經日本殖民統治與中國國民黨（以下簡稱國民黨）兩個新舊政權替換之後，由於法律體制之間的差異而產生的制度性整合問題。在日本統治末期，農業會與產業組合系統被官方當局合併為新的組織「農業會」。戰後國民政府接收臺灣之後，臺灣行政長官公署希望繼續維持日治末期建立的農業會組織。然而，當時主管合作社組織的主管機關「社會部」，反對臺灣官方的此一政策，並要求臺灣行政長官公署將合作社組織從農會劃分出來。事實上，社會部部長谷正綱是中央俱樂部（Central Club，簡稱CC派）的成員，而CC派長期掌握了西元（以下同）1920年代之後的合作事業。因此簡單地來說，CC派也希望握有對臺灣合作社組織的控制權。1949年陳誠擔任臺灣省政府主席，決定再度合併農會與合作社。1949年底，CC派隨著國民黨來到臺灣，來到臺灣的CC派持續反對陳誠的合併主張。CC派與陳誠對於合併案的爭執，一直持續到1953年農會「改進」前，因為蔣介石表示支持農會與合作社合併，CC派與陳誠對合併案的爭執才告結束。

The integration and separation between cooperatives and farmers' association in postwar Taiwan was an important political issue of institutional adjustment of difference between pre/new administrative systems of Japan/ROC (Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office). During the late Japanese Colonial Period, the farmers' association and cooperatives were forced to integrate into a new organization by the authorities. After the nationalist government took over Taiwan, the authorities of Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office wanted to keep the organization that established in the late Japanese Colonial Period. However, the Social Department of the nationalist government that superintended cooperatives opposed the policy of the Taiwan authorities, and forced the authorities to separate the cooperatives from the farmers' association in Taiwan. In fact, the minister of the Social Department was a member of the CC clique that dominated the cooperatives in China. In other words, the CC clique wanted to keep their domination of cooperatives in Taiwan. Chen Cheng, as the governor of Taiwan Province in 1949, determined to integrate farmers' association and cooperatives into one organization again. At the end of 1949, the CC clique followed the Kuomintang to settle down in Taiwan and continued to claim over the Chen's policy. The disputes between the CC clique and Chen Cheng were ended in 1953 since Chiang Kai-shek approved the integration of Farmers' association and cooperatives.