海峽兩岸公藏現存民國時期漢傳佛教檔案中的佛教負面現象觀察

Observations on Some Negative Aspects of Chinese Buddhism from the Republican Chinese Archival Materials

本文主要利用國史館、中國第二歷史檔案館、北京市檔案館等地所藏有關民國時期佛教檔案，觀察民國佛教的部分史實與特徵。全文依時間先後，分從民初迄北洋時期、「黃金十年」、抗戰時期、戰後等不同階段，敘述各時期佛教的一些現象。根據檔案透露：在民國佛教史上，有關廟產興學、徵收經懺捐、軍隊占駐寺院，機關占用寺院、地方各級政府及土豪劣紳侵凌當地寺廟財產的情況，在各地非常普遍，並且貫穿西元1912－1949年間。本文結論中，又特別提出河南開封相國寺在民國時代的遭遇，恰可作為民國佛教的一個縮影；相國寺的問題，就其性質言，就是廟產問題。總之，廟產問題實可作為了解民國佛教史的一條重要線索，在檔案裏，可以看到不少在各地的縣鄉保甲級之地方政府、中央或各地軍閥的軍隊、國民黨地方黨部、土豪劣紳，都介入寺院廟產之爭奪戰中，這在檔案中都有明顯的呈現。

This article describes some historical facts and features of Buddhism during the Chinese Republican period by utilizing the holdings of the Academia Historica, the Second Historical Archives of China, and the Beijing Municipal Archives. The phenomena developed during that time are presented in chronological order from the beginning of the Republican period, golden decade of 1928 -1937, War of Resistance Against Japan to post-war. The archival materials revealed that between 1912 and 1949, the following issues were commonplace phenomenon in the history of Buddhism: destruction of temples, establishment of schools with monastery assets, raising Buddhist chanting taxes, monasteries occupied by military troops and official institutions, and monastery assets occupied by the local government and local tyrants and evil gentry. The Xiangguo Temple, located in Kaifeng, Henan Province, what it had been experienced can be an example to demonstrate the aforementioned phenomenon. In conclusion, one of the most critical factors leading to our understanding of the history of Buddhism during the Chinese Republican period is the issue of monastery assets involving central and local governments, the military, the KMT party, and local tyrants and evil gentry.