政府對臺灣日俘管理之研究──以臺灣省警備總司令部戰俘管理處為分析中心

The Management of Japanese Prisoners of War in Taiwan - a Study of the POW Management Office, Taiwan Garrison Command

第二次世界大戰結束後，政府接收臺灣，自民國34年10月25日受降之後，軍事接收隨之展開。解除武裝後的日軍，在遣返之前，成為政府必須面對的問題。在臺灣的十餘萬日軍，維持原有建置，改名為臺灣地區日本官兵善後聯絡部，採取日俘自行管理、國軍監控的方式。在全國戰俘管理體系建立的背景下，於34年12月16日，臺灣省警備總司令部依規定成立戰俘管理處，以統籌戰俘管理相關事宜，包括日俘監控、統計、復舊工作、教育宣傳等等。至35年4月30日，因日俘已多數遣返，戰俘管理處隨之裁撤。日俘等待遣返的時間雖短，且戰俘管理處實屬過渡性質的單位，但在政權改隸之際，仍有其值得觀察之處。本文由戰俘管理處成立前後的變革，研究政府對於日俘的政策、管理方式等問題。

At the end of WWII, KTM government took over Taiwan after Japanese surrender in October 25th 1945, the government received the military power immediately. Before repatriated, about ten hundred thousand disarmed Japanese troops in Taiwan became the critical issue for KMT at the time. To remain the structure, they renamed the troops as Liaison office for handling the Japanese soldiers in Taiwan. It was under full surveillance of KMT; however, run by the captivated Japanese soldiers. In such a background, a national institute of war prisoners was established. The Taiwan Garrison Command then set up a POW management office in December 16^(th) 1945, thus took control over monitoring the prisoners, compiling statistics, restoration, and education propaganda. Till April 30^(th) 1946, most Japanese soldiers were sent back, the institute was abolished. Though the waiting period of repatriation was short, and the POW management office was only temporary and transitional; nevertheless, as it happened during a changing sovereignty, it is still worthy to examine it. This paper meant to discuss the before and after changes of the establishment of POW management office, and further study the government policies and managements towards Japanese prisoners of war.