新生兒個別化發展性照護之應用

Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program for Preterm Infants

新生兒個別化發展性照護及評估(Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program,NIDCAP)自1986年Dr.Als推廣以來，已漸開始實施於新生兒加護病房內的早產兒及高危險性新生兒。發展性照護可穩定早產兒的生理功能、減少氧氣需求及增加血氧濃度、促進腦部及神經功能發展、早產兒行為呈現統整化狀態、縮短自出生後由口進食的時間及體重增加、降低腦室出血及許多合併症、減少住院日數及節省醫療成本；另一方面，可減輕父母照顧早產兒的壓力與焦慮，並藉由肌膚間親密之接觸促進親子關係的連結，增加父母育兒知識及照顧意願。因此，護理人員應積極學習個別化發展性照護的相關知識及技能，推行此有益於早產兒及其雙親的護理介入。許多學者與臨床專家針對發展性照護有深入的研究及探討，筆者根據多位學者的研究，將文獻查證結果加以整理呈現，希望能將此貢獻於臨床實務，使早產兒受惠於此個別及人性化的發展照護措施。

Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) of preterm and high-risk infants was first described by Dr. Als in Boston, U.S.A. in 1986. It started to be implemented in neonatal intensive care units throughout the world. The benefits of this intervention include: stabilization of the physiology, reduction dependence on oxygen support and increased saturation, improvement of neurodevelopment, organization of behavior, earlier oral feeding, weight gains, decreasing intraventricular hemorrhage and other complications and shortened lengths of stay, it also reduced stress and anxiety, improved attachment between parents and their babies, and increased knowledge about caring for preterm infants. Thus, we should try to spread the practice for preterm infants and their parents. Many investigators deliberated research about NIDCAP. Writers will organize and present the literature review. We wish that all of the preterm infants could be cared for by the individualism and humane principles. Neonatal Individualized Development Care and Assessment Program