泡水檔案書籍之乾燥處理技術──真空冷凍乾燥法

Dehydrating Treatment Techniques for Water-Soaking Archives and Books-Vacuum Freeze-drying

本報告主要係介紹真空冷凍乾燥法，應用於泡水檔案書籍，緊急搶救的乾燥處理技術。筆者茲將近一年來，實際利用真空冷凍乾燥設備，處理泡水檔案書籍之心得，提供出來與大家分享。文中並將其乾燥原理、處理步驟及乾燥處理時，應注意之事項分別加以敘述，以提供檔案資料館、圖書館、博物館等紙質文物保存單位，在面臨水患危害時，緊急應變之參考。雖然真空冷凍乾燥法，是目前大量處理泡水檔案書籍，最迅速有效的方法。然而依筆者實際之操作心得發現，處理過的紙質材料，會產生紙張內部纖維間層剝離、顏料層易脫落、表層粉化及紙張強度下降等缺失。如何改善是值得進一步探討的課題。

The purpose of this report is to introduce the vacuum freeze-drying technique to apply in urgent repairing water-soaking archives and books. The writer has been actually utilizing the method for the past more than a year and would like to share personal experiences from the results. This paper describes respectively about the dehydrating theory, procedures, and special attentions to be taken care of in applying the techniques as references to paper preserving organizations such as information center, library, and museum while dealing with water flood or disaster endangered paper archives and books in sudden situation. Though the freezedrying technique is the most efficient method in mending water-soaking archives and books, however, the writer also finds from actual experiences that the material of the paper after being proceeded will result abrasoin of internal fibers, color layers exfloiated easily, surface layer powderized, and paper tension decreased, and so on defects. It will be a next subject for investigation on improving these issues.