糖尿病患低血糖之護理

Nursing Care for Diabetic Patients with Hypoglycemia

低血糖是血糖降的太低，無法供應身體細胞正常生活動所需的能量。最發發生在糖連病患者身上，尤其是積極性胰島素治療的患者。其發生的主要原因是藥物、飲食、運動三方面配合不當所造成。低血糖發生初期，會有發抖、冒冷汗、心悸、飢餓感等自主神經症狀出現。若未治療，病人可能會陷於昏迷。嚴重者，甚至可能致命或產生永久性的腦損傷和嚴重的後遺症，如記憶力喪失、學習能力降低等。故指道糖尿病患預防和處理低血糖是很重要的。本文除介紹低血糖的定義、身生原因、臨床症狀與療外，還提供同仁低血糖的相關的現象、護理與預防，期能對護理同仁在照顧此類病患時有所助益。

Hypoglycemia is defined as a low plasma glucose concentration without enough supply of energy demand needed by the body. This could happen to any of the diabetic patients particularly the patients on intensive insulin treatment. The cause of hypoglycemia can be due to poor adherence or inadequate training with regard to the medications, timing of food intake and exercise. Shakiness, cold sweating, palpitation, and hunger sensation are some of the initial symptoms of hypoglycemia which result from adrenergic effect. If the patients is not immediately treated, this will lead to coma and even death in severe cases. Among patients who survived, some might results in permanent neurological damage such as impaired memory, poor learning skills, and paralysis. It is therefore important to educate patients for the prevention of hypoglycemia attack. In this article, we described the definition, causes, clinical symptoms, treatment of hypoglycemia and other related topics such as nursing care, risk and sequelae of hypoglycemia, and its prevention as a guide for every nurse involved in clinical care.