從東南亞新住民二代子女探討在臺多元文化教育及傳承

Exploring the Multicultural Education and Inheritance in Taiwan from the Second Generation of Newly-Dwelling Children in Southeast Asia

根據內政部移民署107年6月統計，新住民人數已達到53萬8,425人（內政部移民署，2017），2019年6月底官方統計新住民佔3.1％（內政部戶政司，2019），新住民子女所衍生出的教育、母語及多元文化等相關問題，均有賴中央機關、地方政府與民間團體互相協助，整合現有政策方案，相互配合。目前臺灣政府也針對新住民個人及家庭的權益及需求，於92年訂定「新住民照顧輔導措施」，其中有兩項包括了提升教育文化、協助子女教養，跟新住民子女比較直接相關的政策。而教育是百年樹人打造根基的工程，如何使政策可以更加貼近新住民子女，妥善促使順利融入臺灣社會的教育，及成為政府與民間必須共同努力的重要課題。本研究以「新住民二代子女」作為研究對象，藉由實際問卷調查及訪談有關新住民子女，如何面對父母各自不同的文化及未來是否前往他們父母的國家去就業等結果來分析，並從他們擁有父母的不同語言及文化等優勢，瞭解是否得以符合跨國就業之需求，並得以協助其排除障礙。新住民第二代具有母語優勢以及文化瞭解程度的優勢，乃是希望找出新住民子女文化教育及傳承之優勢、劣勢、機會和威脅，以發展其最大優勢和機會，減其劣勢和威脅於最小程度，決定出最佳之策略。藉此，對新住民二代子女提供實質性的幫助，除此之外，對政策應可朝什麼方向作修正，以發揮更大的助益，加速新住民子女在臺發揮自己的優勢且將東南亞的多元文化得以廣傳。

According to the statistics of the Immigration Department of the Ministry of the Interior in June, 2018, the number of new residents had reached 538,425, and the rate of increase was quite fast. According to the Ministry of Education (2012), the number of primary and secondary schools in the 2011 academic year was 192,224, of which among every seven or eight newborns, one was a new resident's child. According to 2017 statistics, the total number of new residents' children in the secondary and primary schools was 181,1301. With the continuous decline in the fertility rate of Taiwanese people, in the past 10 years, the 2007 academic year with a number of 2,707,372 students from the national secondary and primary schools had declined to 1,799,952 people in the 2017 academic year, and the number of students of the new inhabitants had increased from 103,587 to 181,301. The percentage increased from 3.83% to 10.07%. Education, mother tongue and multiculturalism arising from the children of the new residents depend on mutual assistance from the central authorities, local governments and civil society, integrating existing policy options and cooperation with each other. In the light of the new residents' personal and family rights, benefits and demands, the Taiwan Government had formulated the “New Resident Care Counselling Measures” in 2003. Two of them included upgrading the education, culture and assisting the children to raise policy directly related to the children of the new residents. Education is a project that has built a foundation for a hundred years. How to make policies closer to the children of new residents, properly promote the education of Taiwanese society, and become an important issue that the government and the people must work for together. This study is based on the “second generation children of the new residents” as a research object, analyzed through the results of the actual questionnaires and interviews involving the children of the new residents, on how to face the different cultures of their parents and whether they will go to their parents' countries for employment, learn from their parents' different languages and cultures to see if they meet the needs of cross-border employment and help them remove barriers. The second generation of the new residents has the advantage of mother tongue and cultural understanding. It is the hope to find out the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the cultural education and inheritance of the children of the new residents in order to develop their greatest strengths and opportunities, reduce their disadvantages and threats, minimize and determine the best strategy. In this way, we will provide substantial assistance to the second generation children of the new residents. In addition, we should make corrections to the direction in which the policy should be implemented in order to play a greater role in helping the children of the new residents to play their own advantages in Taiwan. The multiculturalism of Southeast Asia has been widely spread.