泰東北與寮北的共享文化：以佛寺那伽美術為例

The Shared Culture in Northeast Thailand and Northern Laos: Focusing on Naga Art in Buddhist Temples

那伽美術顯見於大湄公河流域，因為泰、寮人民深信，那伽居住於湄公河底，祂是三寶守護者與吉祥表徵，所以那伽美術經常鑲嵌於當地佛寺中，成為共享文化，不易區分。本文旨在以區域研究的視角探討泰東北與寮北的那伽美術與共享文化，並依區域內、區域外與跨境區三種模式進行討論。研究發現：一、以區城內模式而言，「在地智慧」形成地區特色，這是泰東北與寮北各地那伽美術形成差異的主因。二、以區域外模式而言，泰、寮那伽美術的差異主要表現於線條、文創和佛寺的位置；泰國由於文創起步早，所以那伽型制的質感與創意優於寮國，相對地，寮國則是保有了那伽美術的舊制，兩者各具千秋。三、以跨境區模式而言，農開和永珍的那伽美術，其因佬族文化而相似，但也因國家認同的改變而產生變遷，遂造就跨境美術既相同又相異的特點。

Naga art is an important cultural heritage of the Mekong River Basin in Thailand and Laos, as the Naga and the Mekong River have always been closely linked. Thais and Laos are deeply convinced that the Naga lives at the bottom of the Mekong River and is the guardian of the Triratna (the Three Jewels of Buddhism) as well as an auspicious symbol of ordinary life; therefore, Naga art is often used to decorate Thai and Lao temples,which becomes a shared culture and hardly distinguishes one from the other. This study aims to explore Naga art and the shared culture in Northeast Thailand and Northern Laos, examines it from the perspective of regional studies and discusses the issue with three models: intra-area, extra-area, and inter-area. The results of this study are as follows: A) in terms of intra-area, ＂local wisdom＂ is the main reason for the development of area-specific characteristics, which have produced the differences of Naga art between Northeast Thailand and Northern Laos; B) in terms of extra-area, the differences between Thai and Lao Naga artworks are mainly reflected in pattern lines, cultural creativity, and their locations inside Buddhist temples. Because the cultural and creative industries in Thailand developed earlier than those in Laos, the qualities and multiple shapes of Thai Naga art are better. In contrast, the traditional shapes of Lao Naga art are better preserved. Each of them thus has its own merits; and C) in terms of inter-area, the Naga art between Nongkai and Vientiane is similar due to the culture of the Lao ethnic group, but changes as a result of national identity, which makes the cross-border art has both the same and different characteristics.