SARS CoV-2致病病理學及免疫反應

Pathophysiology of and Immunological Response to SARS CoV-2 infection

新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）藉由飛沫、或與被污染的表面接觸而傳播。為此，我們必要採取感控措施，以阻斷這些可能的傳播途徑。人與人之間的傳播如何有效阻絕，非常重要，但是並不容易，因為每位感染者的無症狀時期長短不一，取決於病毒量，宿主免疫力，年齡和慢性病控制狀況各自不同。除了各種藥物的研發，疫苗開發的成果、最值得期待。現今有數種新冠疫苗進入第三期臨床測試中。本文解析SARS-CoV-2引起的宿主免疫反應。這是疫苗是否成功的關鍵因素。

Coronaviruses are large viruses that infect both animals and humans, and studies have shown that human transmission is possible directly through droplets and indirectly by coming in contact with contaminated surfaces. These findings necessitate the implementation of additional safety measures to account for the two transmission routes. Efforts have been made to develop efficient strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the development of a vaccine. Currently, the most advanced vaccine under development is in Phase III clinical testing. Given the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the complexity of the host immune response, future studies are crucial to provide additional information regarding the onset of the immune response and the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and inflammation. Until the development of the vaccine, stopping inter-human transmission is very important but difficult to achieve. This is mainly due to the variable and long periods of time between exposure and occurrence of symptoms, which are dependent on viral load, host immunity, age, and comorbidities.