論1943至1949年上海文學場域中報刊對張愛玲及其作品的想像和形塑

Examination of How Newspapers in the Shanghai Literary Fields (1943-1949) Imagined and Shaped Eileen Chang and Her Works

張愛玲自1943年正式發表作品以來，在上海、香港和臺灣等文化場域的活動不輟，在她1995年逝世後，其影響力至今仍在。回顧她在上海時期身處的文學場域，由於各種特殊的政治和社會因素，淪陷區內的女性作家得到發揮所長的空間，張愛玲亦乘勢冒起。然而，我們必須對張愛玲身處的文學場域有所了解，才能清楚催生這個獨特的歷史空間出現的原因及背景。同時，張愛玲作為知名女作家，在上海的文學場域內是怎樣被想像的？女作家本身又如何成為場域內各種勢力在想像和形塑中國方面的資本？張愛玲本人對這些問題又有何反應？關於這些問題，本文將分開兩個階段來探討。第一個階段由張愛玲在1943年5月首次發表作品，直至1945年8月15日抗戰勝利為止。第二個階段則由1945年8月15日後至1949年中華人民共和國成立為止。本文將整理並歸納場域中有關張愛玲及其作品的報刊評論，並分析場域內各種勢力對張愛玲作為女性作家的想像，特別是這種想像如何依循過往的性別和國家論述模式。

Since her first official publication in 1943, Eileen Chang had shown active participation in the cultural fields of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Despite her death in 1995, her impact remains strong to this day. Due to different special political and social factors in the Shanghai literary fields, female writers in the occupied areas were given opportunities to develop their potential, which resulted in the emergence of Eileen Chang. In order to have a better understanding of the reasons and background that gave rise to such a unique historical zone, it is imperative to first examine the literary fields faced by Eileen Chang. In addition, as a prestigious female writer, how Eileen Chang was imagined in the Shanghai literary fields? In what ways was this female writer utilized by various powers in the fields to imagine and shape China? What was the reaction of Eileen Chang to this situation? To address these questions, this article focuses on two phases for discussion. Phase one starts with Eileen Chang's first publication of her work in May 1943 and ends with China's victory in the War of Resistance on 15^(th) August 1945. Phase two covers the period after 15^(th) August 1945 until the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. This article will organize and categorize all newspaper commentaries in the fields concerning Eileen Chang and her works. It will then analyze the imagination of various powers in the fields towards Eileen Chang as a female writer. Emphasis will be put on examining the conformity of their imagination to the established gender and national narrative conventions.