冷戰‧離散‧文人：《今日世界》中的張愛玲

A Diasporic Writer in the Cold War Era: The Representations of Eileen Chang in the World Today Journal

張愛玲（1920-1995）曾三次停留香港，其中以第二次（1952年7月至1955年5月）較為特殊。時值冷戰時期，美方自詡為自由世界領袖，全力圍堵蘇聯國際共產主義的擴張，雙方除了在政治、軍事、經濟等方面的對峙與交鋒之外，呈現軟實力的文化外交也是重要策略。香港美國新聞處在中文世界扮演著關鍵性的角色，旗下的今日世界出版社以翻譯美國的代表作品為主，力求彰顯美國的自由、民主與開放，而《今日世界》雜誌則試圖以通俗內容與新知報導，來達到宣傳的目標，成為當時中文世界最風行的刊物。就張愛玲而言，出版社負責張愛玲譯作的出版與發行，強調的是「譯者張愛玲」；《今日世界》雜誌除了連載張愛玲的反共小說《秧歌》，也刊載有關其譯作與小說的書評，以及她的活動報導，著重的是「作家張愛玲」。本文有別於一般奠基於張愛玲作品單行本的研究，而將她連結到冷戰時期香港的歷史與文化脈絡，尤其美新處的文化生產機制，聚焦於《今日世界》所呈現的張愛玲形象，運用歷史化與脈絡化的研究取向，為已蔚為顯學的張愛玲研究提供另類視角下的一塊拼圖。

Eileen Chang (1920-1995) stayed in Hong Kong three times. Of these, the second visit (from July 1952 to May 1955) was most special. As the self-proclaimed leader of the Free World, the USA made every effort to contain the expansion of Communism supported by the USSR. In addition to confrontations in political, military, and economic dimensions, cultural diplomacy stressing soft power was also an important strategy. The United States Information Service (the USIS) in Hong Kong played a key role in the Chinese-speaking world in two main ways. On the one hand, the World Today Press published Chinese translations of hundreds of representative American texts in an attempt to showcase the freedom, democracy, and openness of American society and culture. On the other hand, the World Today Journal tried its best to reach out to as many readers as possible and became one of the most popular Chinese magazines spanning over different continents. The World Today Press published Chang's translations of American novels, poetry, essays, and literary criticism and emphasized her role as a translator. In contrast, the World Today Journal serialized her anti-Communist novel The Rice-Sprout Song, published reviews of her novel and translations, and reported on her being a writer-in-residence in an American university, emphasizing her role as a writer. Different from the majority of research on Chang, based on her published books, the current study focuses on the World Today Journal and connects her to the historical and cultural context of Hong Kong during the Cold War era, with special emphasis on the cultural production mechanism of the USIS. It is hoped that by highlighting the representations of Chang in this leading journal of the Chinese language at a special historical juncture, we will be able to provide an alternative perspective on Eileen Chang Studies, which are in full swing with 2020 marking the one hundredth anniversary of her birth.