論我國合憲性審查機制中不同主體的職能定位

On the Functional Orientation of Different Subjects in China's Constitutional Review Mechanism

合憲性審查主體是合憲性審查制度的核心問題，更是推進我國合憲性審查工作必須解決的首要問題。要積極穩妥推進我國合憲性審查工作，必須依據現行憲法關于不同主體的性質、地位、職權及與其他國家機關的關係，確定各自在合憲性審查機制中的職能定位，理順它們在合憲性審查機制中的相互關係：全國人大是獨立的、最高的、擁有完全合憲性審查權的主體；全國人大常委會是獨立的、日常性的合憲性審查主體；全國人大憲法和法律委員會是協助全國人大和全國人大常委會進行合憲性審查的機構，應當擁有一定的獨立的合憲性審查權；全國人大常委會法工委負責合憲性審查的“過濾”工作，接收法律文件的備案、審查“要求”、審查“建議”及進行合法性審查、適當性審查，在窮盡合法性審查後移送憲法和法律委員會進行合憲性審查；其他接收規範性文件備案的主體，應將需要進行合憲性審查的規範性文件移送憲法和法律委員會。

The subject of constitutional review is the core issue of the constitutional review system, and it is also a primary issue in promoting the development of constitutional review in our country. To carry out constitutional review in a positive and safe manner, it is necessary to follow the requirements provided by the current Constitution on the different subjects' natures, status, functions and powers as well as their relationships with other state organs, in order to identify their respective functional orientations and their interaction in the constitutional review mechanism. it includes the subjects as follows. The National People's Congress(NPC) is the independent and supreme subject with complete constitutional review authority. The NPC Standing Committee is the independent and routine subject for constitutional review. The NPC Constitution and Law Committee assists the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee in carrying out constitutional review and thus should have certain independent constitutional review powers. The Commission of Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee is playing a filtering role for constitutional review and responsible for receiving the filing of legal documents, reviewing ''requirements'' and ''recommendations'' and conducting legality review and appropriateness review while transferring them to the Constitution and Law Committee after legality review is completed. Other subjects who also receive the filing of normative documents are obliged to transfer the documents to the Constitution and Law Committee when they are also subjected to constitutional review.