民法典人格權編中動態系統論的採納與運用

On the Adoption and Application of Dynamic System Theory in the Compilation of Personality Rights in Civil Code

動態系統論通過規定法律規範中的不同因素和各因素的強度差異，突破了構成要件系統“全有全無”的不足，成為法律發展的新趨勢。人格權編基于人格權保護中的位階差異、利益衝突頻發、保護程度差異、救濟方式差異等原因，區分物質性人格權與其他人格權，對後者的民事責任確立採用動態系統論，考量行為人和受害人的職業、影響範圍、過錯程度、行為目的、行為方式、行為後果等因素，按法定順序排列其權重。對人格權編中的“合理”“正當“”必要“等的解釋，也需要借助動態系統考量。在人格權侵害的責任成立判斷中，應根據法定因素及其順序，通過因素間的互動綜合考量，摒棄全有全無的責任成立。在責任形式、賠償範圍確定中，也應運用動態系統論。動態系統論還有增強法官論證義務、推動案例類型化整理的作用。

The dynamic system theory breaks through the deficiency of ''all or none'' in the system of constitutive elements by stipulating the different factors and the intensity differences of each factor in the legal norms, which is the trend of the development of law. Based on the differences of rank, frequent conflicts of interest, different degrees of protection and different ways of relief in the protection of personality rights, the dynamic system theory is adopted in the Compilation of Personality Rights in Civil Code. in the application of dynamic system theory, we should distinguish the material personality right and other personality rights. in the establishment of the latter's civil liability, we should adopt dynamic system theory, considering the occupation of the actor and the victim, the influence scope, the degree of fault, the behavior purpose, the behavior mode, the behavior consequence and other factors, and arranging their weights according to the order in the law. The explanation of ''reasonable'', ''proper'' and ''necessary'' also needs the help of dynamic system. in the liability establishment in personality right infringement, we should judge according to the legal factors and their order, through the comprehensive consideration of the interaction between the factors, and abandon the ''all-or-none'' mode. The determination of liability form and compensation scope should also use the dynamic system. The dynamic system theory can enhance the judge's obligation in argumentation and promote the case classification.