紙質文物保存技術傳承與教育模式之研究

A Discussion on the Education of Paper Cultural Relics Conservation

文化是人類智慧留存的珍貴資產，必須世代傳承才能永續發展，然而在傳世過程中，由於承襲方式、保存環境條件、材質自然劣化等因素影響，都可能造成滅失的風險，因此，保存維護始終是文化傳承的重要課題。文物保存維護與修護技術的傳承，從無形到有形，再透過教育與科學驗證的發展，逐漸形成一套系統而有脈絡可循，如傳統的師徒制與學校專業教育體制的養成模式，二者之間的傳習各有其特色，本研究以紙質文物之修復為探討主軸，就國內外紙質文物保存人才養成途徑，及保存維護專業發展現況，進行相關文獻分析與深入訪談，以瞭解傳統師徒制及學校教育之育成與學習模式差異；最後就人才培育的角度切入，對國內文化資產保存維護專業之未來發展提出具體建議。

Having gone through the test of time and historical evolution, the best part of human wisdom has not only been sustained but become cultures around the world. Undoubtedly, any culture needs to be passed on in order to continue and develop. During the passing-on process, however, many factors --such as the means of passing down, the environment for preservation, and the materials' inevitable deterioration-- could increase the chance of losing some part of the culture. Therefore, conservation has always been an important topic regarding the passing-on of culture. However, is it possible to draw a clear roadmap when discussing the passing-on of conservation technique-- from invisible (oral teaching) to visible (record-keeping) ways, and then through school education and scientific verification? The respective features of the traditional master-apprentice practice and the current professional training in school are the main focus of this very research. The authors also put special emphasis on analyzing the passing-on of conservation technique for paper artifacts, particularly on the system of professional training and Taiwan's current conditions regarding conservation. In doing so, both documentary analyses and in-depth interviews have been conducted, in order to better understand the differences between master-apprentice practice and school education system in terms of talent cultivation and learning models. At the same time, a comparative discussion on the differences regarding paper restoration (including paintings, calligraphies, books, and archives) is also conducted, in order to induct the required elements for passing on conservation technique from mere memory to technique and to upgraded professional skills. Furthermore, suggestions are made regarding ideal models of passing on such professional skills. It is our sincere hope that this research can be useful to the government authorities concerned in cultivating required talents in paper conservation work.