新自由主義與後冷戰時期北約的存續：安全治理的觀點

Neoliberalism and NATO's Endurance in the Post-Cold War Era: A Security Governance Perspective

在美蘇兩強對峙的冷戰結束之初，若干現實主義學者曾預言北約可能面臨瓦解的命運。但歷經二十多年來的發展，北約不但沒有瓦解，還逐漸擴展成員，更發展出不同於傳統軍事聯盟的新功能。本文試圖透過新自由主義與安全治理的觀點來探討北約在後冷戰時期的存續發展。首先，簡介新自由主義學派的基本概念，以釐清其與新現實主義學派的差異。其次，說明後冷戰時期北約對於安全治理的重視與實際作為，並針對現實主義學者的若干批評觀點予以回應。最後，筆者初步認為，由於北約具有國際制度的特性及軟權力的性質，因而能在冷戰時期的主要威脅—蘇聯—瓦解後，還能發揮安全治理的功能而得以持續存

In the aftermath of Cold War, some realists once predicted that NATO would collapse in a short time. However, NATO have been expanding and transforming into an international institution with new members and capabilities since over twenty years ago. This article analyzes NATO's endurance in the Post-Cold War era from the perspective of neoliberalism and security governance in some parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of neoliberalism to clarify its differences from neorealism. The second part illustrates NATO's concerns and actions of security governance and gives response to those realist's critics. The author concludes that owing to the features of international institution and soft power, NATO can still develop the function of security governance and then endure even when she faces the dissolution of the Soviet Union.