北韓的並進路線與對外戰略：持續與轉變

Equal Emphasis Policy and Foreign Strategy in North Korea: Continuity and Change

北韓於 2014 年 3 月 31 日採取經濟與核武並進路線，導致美國與鄰近國家的反彈，使得北韓對外關係更為孤立。並進路線作為北韓國家發展戰略，始於 1966 年，其目的在於，北韓利用國家資源，集中於經濟與國防建設，以確保國家安全。但是，由於國家資源的不足，北韓無法同時推動經濟與國防，不得已優先建設其中之一。針對國內外戰略環境的變化，並有鑑於國內資源不足，北韓基於政治經濟的需求，並進路線有時強調優先建設國防或有時集中建設經濟。另外，依據並進路線的目標，北韓展開其對外戰略，利用大國間矛盾與競爭關係，冷戰時期，對中蘇採取中立外交路線，冷戰結束後，推動接近美國戰略，乃至近年來，對中美則採取避險戰略（hedging strategy），以追求安全保障與經濟援助以及經貿合作。

On Mar 31, 2014, North Korea adopted the ''equal emphasis policy for nuclear and economic development''. This policy brought about backlash of neighboring country (including U.S, China, Japan and South Korea) and led North Korea' foreign relations isolated than former times. The equal emphasis policy has been assumed the role as North Korea's national development strategy since 1966. The aim of North Korea's this this policy was to address in economic development and national defense construction through to using national resources in order to ensure national security. However, due to insufficient its State resources, North Korea cannot simultaneously promote both, so it's unavoidably gave priority to build up one of them. North Korea was confronted with lack of domestic resources at home and changes of the strategic environment at home and abroad, therefore, equal emphasis policy stressed on build up national defense sometime or focused on build up economy sometime based on its political, economic demand. In addition, according as the goals of equal emphasis policy, North Korea has been unfolded its foreign strategies to use conflict and competition between major powers for pursue its security guarantee and economic aid as well as economic and trade cooperation. In other words, North Korea had selected neutral, diplomatic policy on Soviet and China during the cold war and had adopted foreign strategy as direct access to Washington during 1990s, even try push hedging strategy on U.S and China recently.