歐洲聯盟代議民主之困境

The Dilemma of EU's Representative Democracy

歐洲整合最初之目的是在代議民主的基礎上建構戰後的和平秩序，但歐洲聯盟因為行政權獨大，立法權卻非由直接民選產生之歐洲議會獨享，無法有效監督行政機構，使得民眾參加政策制定的意願降低，造成代議民主赤字，此又使得歐洲聯盟機關與政策制定之合法性不足，進而激化民粹與民族主義的影響力。在解決歐債危機過程中，歐洲聯盟為求效率而犧牲民主，惡化代議民主體制之運作。本文從探討歐洲民主社會之質變與挑戰出發，進而分析歐洲聯盟代議民主赤字與合法性赤字以及其修補赤字所採行之審議式民主等四大部分來探討歐洲聯盟代議民主之困境與其所做之調整。

The primary purpose of European integration after World War II is to establish peaceful order based on the representative democracy in Europe, but the operation of EU's representative democracy currently goes into dilemma. The executive gets the primacy; the legislative power doesn't belong to the direct elected European Parliament along, which makes democratic deficit of European Union. This in turn makes the legitimacy deficit of EU's institutions and policy output. The consequence is that the influences of populist and nationalist are to be enhanced. For the damage control of European sovereign debt crisis, EU ignores the right of European Parliament with the excuse of efficiency, which worsens the function of representative democracy. In this article the dilemma of EU's representative democracy will be analyzed in four parts, namely the transformation and challenge of democratic society in Europe, the democratic deficit and legitimacy deficit of EU's representative democracy, as well as the deliberative democracy as possible option for the solution of deficits.