跟蹤騷擾案件暴力風險因素與評估量表之研析

A Study on the Violence Risk Factors and Risk Assessment Tools of Stalking Cases

跟蹤騷擾行為自古存在，對被害人人身安全危害甚巨，但國際社會卻直到1990年才由美國加州制定全球第一個跟蹤騷擾防制專法，此後擴及到美國各州與其他國家。而在臺灣，雖然「跟蹤騷擾防制法草案」仍在立法研商中，惟為回應外界殷殷期盼，內政部警政署已於2019年6月14日函發「警察機關防制跟蹤騷擾案件實施計畫」，為專法施行預做準備。但值得注意者：跟騷案件與一般暴力案件特性存在諸多差異，為落實專法保護被害人之立法目的，執法策略應與一般犯罪案件有別。在性別暴力問題防制上，若欲對犯罪者的暴力行為進行風險控管或處遇，必須先掌握加害人特質並研析風險因素與評估工具，才能進行後續風險控管與處遇作為。然而對照國際社會有關跟騷案件風險評估工具之研究與實務運用的蓬勃發展，臺灣有關跟騷案件風險評估工具及執法策略之研究極為欠缺。本文將分別針對跟蹤騷擾行為構成要件、跟騷者類型、跟騷者暴力風險與評估工具建構之初探，以及跟騷案件執法策略等議題進行探討，提供實務機關處理此類案件之參考。

Stalking has existed since ancient times, it has been a great hazard to the personal safety of victims. However, it was not until 1990 that the international community formulated the world's first law on stalking prevention in California, which has since expanded to US states and other countries. In Taiwan, the draft of''Anti-Stalking Law'' is still under legislative research. However, in response to expectations from the society, the National Police Agency of Ministry of the Interior issued ''The Anti-Stalking Police Program'' on June 14, 2019 for the preparation of the special law. However, it is worth noting that there are many differences between the characteristics of stalking cases and general violence cases. In order to fulfill legislative purpose of protecting victims by the special law, law enforcement strategy should be different from strategy for general crimes. In the prevention of gender-based violence, if we want to control or deal with the offender's violence, we must first grasp the characteristics of the perpetrators, analyze the risk factors and assessment tools, before we conduct subsequent risk control and treatment programs. However, in light of the international society's vigorous research and practical application of risk assessment tools for stalking cases, Taiwan's research on risk assessment tools and law enforcement strategies for stalking are extremely lacking. This article intends to make up for the deficiency. The elements of stalking behavior, types of stalkers, assessment tools for violence risk of stalkers, and law enforcement strategies will be explored in this paper. The author wish to deliver some advices to law enforcement agencies in deal with such cases.