台灣水稻田之糧食安全及景觀價值

The Food Security and Landscape Values of Taiwan Paddy Field

作為主要糧食之一的稻米供應，很可能是台灣安全的重要支柱之一；而稻田的美麗景色，給人愉悅的感受。台灣近20年來之稻米種植面積平均每年減少約2萬公頃，若面積持續遞減，又無因應政策，稻田有消失之虞，屆時其景觀和糧食安全價值亦完全消失殆盡。本文以封閉式條件評估法，調查採面訪方式，以全台民眾為母體，採分層隨機抽樣，對於詢價採用類似選擇性試驗法的詢問方式，使得受訪者容易回答。並採用支出函數法之Probit模型設定，估計稻米的糧食安全及及景觀價值。結果發現國人對這兩者之願付價值相當高，例如由目前75%的稻田面積，變化至100%稻田面積，受訪者每人每年願付價值之平均值為428元，全台民眾每年願付價值則達73.1億元，大約是2003年稻米產值283.4億元的25.8%。且此願付價值隨著剩餘稻田面積減少而快速遞增。

The supply of rice could be an important base for Taiwan security, wile the scenery of paddy field makes people happy. However, the acreage of Taiwan paddy fields has been decreasing at a rate about twenty thousand hectare per year in the past twenty years. If the trend is the same and no policy is made to stop it, the paddy field might disappear in another twenty years. In that case, the food security and landscape functions will also disappear. This paper uses the closed-end contingent valuation method to evaluate food security and landscape values. In person survey are conducted. Stratified random sampling is used to obtain representative samples. Conjoint-like questions are used so that it is relatively easy to answer the questions. A Probit model based on the expenditure function is used and estimated. Results demonstrate that the food security and landscape values are high. For example, when the acreage changes from 75% of current level to 100% of current level, the willingness to pay is 428 New Taiwan Dollars per person. The associated total value is 7.31 billion New Taiwan Dollars, about 25.8% of the yearly rice production value. As the remaining acreage is lower, the willingness to pay for change to current level increases dramatically.