雲林土庫順天宮1935年改築仕樣書探究大木材料計畫

The Timber Material Planning of a Traditional Taiwanese Timber Building- Based on the Design Specification of the 1935 Rebuild Yunlin Tuku Shun-Tian Temple

仕樣書係於日治時期引入臺灣，作為設計與施工間之媒介，藉以說明建築物各部構造、構法、材料、數量等。土庫順天宮於1935年改建時所作之仕樣書包含〈設計仕樣書〉及〈設計書〉兩個部份，由〈設計仕樣書〉以文句敘述修建各殿面積、構造等之尺寸及材料；〈設計書〉則以表格呈現各構件尺寸、單價。經由分析可判斷此文獻的作成必然由具備漢式大木作實務經驗的大木司阜共同參與，而承載當時大木司阜對於算料、計工之相關知識。 本研究透過分析「仕樣書」記載內容，試圖探究其中木作之開料、算料和計工方式。研究發現，工料計畫依序始從制定設計尺寸開始，其後需計算材積、考慮木材搬運趟次、從而求得材料取得成本，加入工資及假設工程後，完成整個預算編列。其中開料尺寸會依構件性質之需要而預留長度；算料未必是以木材斷面直接乘以長度，針對長大材會採加寸或加分方式計算材積；計工為最後的估算項目，但僅依現有文獻，尚無法確切掌握實際計工方法。

 

Design specification was introduced to Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period as a medium for design to construction. Each part of the building might be recorded on the specification, for explaining the construction, material dimensions and the quantity. Since Yunlin Tuku Shun-Tian Temple was rebuilt in 1935, a specification was the document left by the design process at that time. The specification consists of two parts: the “design specification book” and the “design book”. The “design specification book” describes the construction method of the temple, and the “design book” presents the dimensions and unit price of each member in a table form. Through analysis, the study believe the document must be completed by experienced carpenters. Therefore, it bears the relevant knowledge of material planning of a traditional Taiwanese timber building. This study attempts to explore material planning process about the timber part. It must begin with the development of design dimensions. After that, the volume should be calculated, then considering the handling times, total came out the material costs. The reserved length is an important point by considering the member dimensions. About the volume calculation, especially for the too long members, additional volume should be added in the calculation, in line with the timber market at the time.