從馬斯洛需求層次論與習慣領域理論探索臺灣人的幸福感圖像

Exploring the Image of Taiwanese Happiness from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Habitual Domain Theory

本研究探討臺灣社會宗教與幸福之間的關係，以2018年臺灣社會變革調查之數據，採統計學研究方法多元應對分析，驗證臺灣人幸福與其他社會經濟指標，如婚姻、收入、宗教、教育、性別、健康等相關性。並由馬斯洛需求層次論與習慣領域理論驗證臺灣人的幸褔感來源。本研究得出，從馬斯洛需求層次而言，臺灣人的幸福與快樂建立在：第二層安全需求及第三層社交需求，包括友愛及歸屬的需要，與個人經歷、教育、宗教信仰有關。從習慣理論而言，主要在「傳宗接代」層次，也就是一個人的快樂幸福與家庭生活、健康及幸福有關。由於每階段、每個人的幸福快樂感受不同，如何追求自己幸福感的「習慣領域」？習慣領域學說教大家多運用：一、空無原理，將自己的習慣領域放空，即可達到心靈的自由；二、交換原理，除了朝向自己的人生目標努力外，亦要解除別人的痛苦與煩惱，也就是讓別人快樂、幸福，自己也會收獲到快樂與幸福的感受。這就是臺灣人的幸福快樂之圖像。

This study explores the image of happiness in Taiwan society by applying the theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and Habitual domain theory and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to analyze the correlation between happiness and other socioeconomic indicators, such as marriage, income, religion, education, gender, health, participation in political, and social activities and so on in Taiwan society. We use data from the 2018 Taiwan Social Change Survey. From the perspective of the six levels of needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, the happiness and happiness of Taiwanese are mainly based on: the second level of security needs and the third level of social needs. From the classification table of human survival and life goals in the Habitual Domains theory, the happiness of Taiwanese are mainly based on the second level of “continue the family line”, it is related to family life, health and happiness. the Habitual Domains teaches us how to pursuing happiness, we can use: 1. The principle of emptiness, you can achieve freedom of the spiritual by emptying the field of your “Habitual Domains”; 2. The principle of exchange, setting in your life and achieving, and also we can help other people how to relieve their pain and troubles, that is, make people happy, and you will also get the feeling of happiness.