應用需求理論比較台灣本土高齡社區人口:在機構化與社區化趨勢發展的服務策略

Applying Demand Theory to Compare Taiwan's Elderly Community Population: Service Strategies Developed in the Trend of Institutionalization and Communization

因應高齡化社會到來，如何提供及滿足老人的需求是非常重要，本研究以Maslow需求層次理論為基礎，以二個不同類型社區老人為問卷調查對象，來探討人口學變項在不同層次需求之相關性。研究結果發現年齡、經濟來源與生理需求層次有相關；退休前職業類別、經濟來源與安全需求層次有相關；教育程度、退休前職業類別與愛與歸屬需求層次有相關；教育程度、退休前職業類別、退休前職務層級與尊重需求層次有相關；教育程度、退休前職業類別、健康狀況與自我實現需求層次有相關。研究建議在未來老人照護上，應多從女性角度去思考，鼓勵老人積極參與社會活動，建置完整經濟安全保障及提供友善環境，以正向的態度來看待性問題，讓老人的身心發展更健康、更平衡。

 

In view of the arrival of an aging society, how to provide and meet the needs of the elderly is very important. Based on the theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, this study is to explore the correlation of the needs at different levels based on the demographic variables of the elderly from two different types of communities as survey participants.The results show that factors such as age, economy sources are related to physiological needs; occupational categories before retirement and economy sources are related to safety needs; such factors as education level and the occupational categories before retirement are related to the need of love and belonging; factors such as education level, occupational categories before retirement and the position before retirement are related to the need for self-esteem, and factors such as education level, occupational categories before retirement, and health condition are related to the need of self-actualization. It is suggested that the measures for the elderly care in the future should be reflected from the women’s perspectives. Such actions shouldshall be taken, including encouraging the elderly to actively participate in social activities, building a complete economic security and providing an elderly-friendly environment. Finally, we should take a positive attitude towards sex, and make the elderly’s physical and mental development healthier and more balanced.