住宿式長照服務機構的等待救援空間之設計原則

Design Principles for Rescue Waiting Spaces of Residential Long-term Care Institutions

國內目前對於等待救援空間的設置條件等尚未提出較明確的設計原則，即使相關機構欲進行自主改善，亦無所可循。本研究彙整等待救援空間的設置條件，提出等待救援空間的設計參考依據，並繪製圖示以供相關機構設計時參考，最後以實際案例進行檢討，檢視等待救援空間的設計應用於實務上之可行性。建議相關機構強化現有居室設置等待救援空間，等待救援空間應滿足下列條件：1.空間構造：牆面為具防火時效之構造，出入口為具遮煙性之防火門；2.正壓空間設計：設置於火災發生時可維持正壓空間之補氣設備，或其他可由外牆引入外氣之設備，以於火災時維持等待救援空間內形成正壓空間；3.消防救助可及性：設有與戶外聯通之窗戶，及消防人員可自戶外進入救援之空間；4.面積：需足夠容納該區劃之居住者。等待救援空間面積≧所需面積×該區劃人數，以床單搬運之方式進行輔助避難時之所需面積1.2 m× 2.0 m進行計算，約2.4 m^2/人。

Clearer design principles in setting up rescue waiting spaces are currently lacking in Taiwan, and, even if related institutions seek to make improvements on their own, there is nothing to abide by. The study is to compile and summarize the criteria for the setup of rescue waiting spaces, is to propose a design basis for rescue waiting spaces and is to make illustrations to be taken as reference by related institutions in their designs. Finally, a review of actual cases is to be carried out to examine the practicality of the design basis provided in the study. Rescue waiting spaces should meet the following criteria: 1. Spatial structure: Walls are fire-rated, and entrances/exits are fireproof doors. 2. Smoke ventilation design: Install pressurized smoke exhaust equipment or smoke ventilation windows of sufficient area. 3. Fire rescue accessibility: Spaces are equipped with windows enabling access to the outside where firefighters can get in from the outside to provide rescue. 4. Area: It should be enough to accommodate the number of occupants in the compartment. Area of rescue waiting space ≧ required area x the number of people in the compartment. The required area can be calculated by taking the area required for moving a bed sheet, which is 1.2 m x 2.0 m (about 2.4 m^2/person).