從習慣領域結構解讀《孫子兵法》的全勝之道

Habitual Domains Viewpoint on Analyzing Sun Tzu’s Way of Winning a War Without Bloodshed

中國經典古籍文字雋永博大精闢，然其文義歷經朝代變遷後所衍生之多重意涵，必須費時鑽研深究，才能萃取出具劃時代之現今實用價值。《孫子兵法》一書雖僅六千餘字，卻能簡明詮釋戰爭最高指導原則。其中，以「不戰而屈」與「全勝共利」最為經典，其所蘊含之戰略價值誠然是中外戰略學家們共同追求之目標與方向。針對這八個字，本研究從「習慣領域學」觀點切入，「不戰」只是實際領域之消極作為；「而屈」人之兵是可達領域之預期結果；「全勝共利」即勝而利全，是潛在領域裡以「全」爭天下終極目標之核心基座。本研究應用習慣領域核心理論，從實際領域之「不戰」，到可達領域之「可屈」，再到核心基座之「全勝」，實施三階段剖析後，最終挖掘出潛在領域之「無所不戰」。本研究為本刊第9卷第1期〈如何以習慣領域學理論解讀經典：以《孫子兵法》為例〉一文中，第一篇〈道勝篇〉之延論續述，並再將第二篇「全勝篇」做一詮釋，期望能提供喜好讀經與研究《孫子兵法》者之參考。

Sun Tzu’s Art of War succinctly defines the highest guiding principles of war. Among them, the following two phrases: 1. Subduing the enemy without launching battles; 2. To win a war without bloodshed by sharing common benefits, are the most brilliant ones. Based on habitual domains theory, this paper propose a three-step analysis that “without launching battles” is, firstly, a passive action within the tangible domain; “subduing the enemy” is, secondly, an expected result within the reachable domain; then thirdly, within the intangible domain, I suggest that “to win a war without bloodshed by sharing common benefits” is the core basis from where policy of being intact directs the power to achieve ultimate goal of world domination.