釋字第709號解釋影響下的都更條例修法──以更新地區劃定與都更事業概要核准階段為觀察重點

The Amendment to the UrbanRenewal Act Influenced byInterpretation No. 709 of theConstitutional Court–An Obserbation on the Demarcation ofRenewal Area and the Approval ofUrban Renewal Business Summaries

就都市更新事件的司法審查，行政法院基本上是沿著兩條軸線強化對於主管機關都更決定的司法控制：正當行政程序與判斷瑕疵之實質審查。前者主要涉及大法官釋字709號解釋所揭示，憲法上透過財產權所要求的組織與程序保障，具體落實於新法之中。後者則是體現於實體法上，帶有「判斷餘地」性質的都更計畫決定，司法審查原則上予以尊重，例外於判斷瑕疵時亦得審查的功能分配問題。本文旨在介紹2019年甫通過的都市更新條例，主要著重在都市更新計畫核准前的新法內容，並簡評都更計畫行政決定之司法審查。整體而言，行政法院應該發展出針對計畫或都更法制的審查模式，以修正過度傾向於總論式的所謂八大例外審查事項，如此方能凸顯出都更法制的特殊性。

There are two basic approaches that the administrative courts wouldtake to conduct the judicial review more strictly when reviewing any urbanrenewal decisions made by the administrative agencies: to reviewsubstantively on whether the decisions are compliant with the due processin administrative procedures and on whether there are any administrativeerrors when making the decisions. The former review is related to theconstitutional requirements on the protection of property rights in theaspect of organizational and procedural requirements. The later reviewshows how administrative agencies and the courts exercise their powerbased on their function, namely that in general, the court would respectany administrative decisions on the urban renewal plans because suchdecisions are the exercise of the administrative discretion. Only when there’re errors in the decisions, the courts would substantively review thedecisions. This article is to introduce the Urban Renewal Act recentlyamended in 2019. It focuses on the newly amended sections that addresslegal requirements before the approval of the urban renewal plans. It alsobriefly analyzes the judicial review on the administrative decisions relatedto urban renewal. In summary, the administrative courts should develop amodel on how to review urban renewal plans or any issues related to urbanrenewal laws to cope with the special aspects of urban renewal laws sothat the courts would not simply review such issues by using the so-calledeight exceptions.