儀式象徵與文學再現──試探劉梓潔〈父後七日〉之書寫療癒性

The Symbol of Religion and Its Reflection of Literature: Discussion of Writing for Healing in Essay Liu’s 7 Days in Heaven

劉梓潔〈父後七日〉描述父親逝世後七日間的各種葬禮儀式，以及作者的觀察與心情，風格詼諧，題材特殊，獲得文學界與電影界極大的肯定，引發台灣文學學界的一股研究熱潮。筆者認為此文刻意鋪陳的喪葬儀式與作者欲以書寫療癒深沉的父喪之痛之間有潛在的心理關聯，現實裡的葬禮象徵－文學再現的悼亡意義，皆具不同形式的轉化與療癒。故本文以〈父後七日〉為研究焦點，透過精神分析學說、心理諮商理論，以及台灣民俗裡的喪葬儀式論述等視角，試圖解釋〈父後七日〉悼亡書寫的療癒性。本文從兩個層面加以探討：第一重象徵為喪禮儀式之轉化，論證喪禮儀式之象徵符號之所以相較繁複，起因於人們對於死亡課題之怖懼，需要借助一套轉渡冥界的邏輯系統來安頓生者心理。另外，本文援引心理諮商領域之研究成果，佐證傳統喪禮儀式之象徵性確實具有療癒功效，具有統整悼亡者身、心、靈之功能。第二重象徵為文學書寫之療癒，說明「書寫治療」之學理與效用，指出書寫〈父後七日〉是屬於作者個人的「再創造」，個人對父親的「重新安頓」。

 

Essay Liu describes a variety of funeral rituals she went through and her observation and feelings during 7 days after her father died in 7 Days in Heaven. This work was written in a humorous way and its topic is quite special, which made it earn recognition from the field of literature and cinema. Besides, it has become a popular research topic among the field of literature. In my opinion, there is a potential psychological connection between the funeral rituals in this work and the author’s desire to recover from the pain of losing her father by writing. The funeral in the real life is reflected in the work, which has the function of conversion and healing ability. Accordingly, this study takes 7 Days in Heaven for example to explain the healing ability of writing from the perspectives of psychoanalysis, counseling psychology theories and Taiwanese funeral rituals. This study will discuss the following two symbols. The first symbol is the conversion to funeral rituals, which proves that the reason why the process of funerals is complicating is because people’s fear of death, making them need a logical system which can comfort the living by telling them the dead has been to the underworld. Besides, based on the research result of the counseling psychology, this study proves that the traditional funeral rituals do have the healing ability, which can comfort the living’s body and soul. The second symbol is the healing ability of writing, which explains the theories and function of the “Writing for Healing” by pointing out that 7 Days in Heaven is the re-creation of the author and the resettlement of her father.